Multiparameter toxicity assessment of novel DOPO-derived organophosphorus flame retardants

Hirsch, Cordula; Striegl, Britta; Mathes, Stephanie; Adlhart, Christian; Edelmann, M. Th.; Bono, Epifania; Gaan, Sabyasachi; Salmeia, Khalifah A.; Hoelting, Lisa; Krebs, A. T.; Nyffeler, Johanna; Pape, Regina; Bürkle, Alexander; Leist, Marcel; Wick, Peter; Schildknecht, Stefan

doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1680-4

Cited by 69 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…It is encouraging to see that there are some efforts by researchers where the toxicity of new phosphorus based flame retardants has been evaluated and these latter have shown a low toxicity profile [7,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As far as flammability tests are considered, all the treated cotton samples showed enhanced flame retardancy with the formation of a coherent char. In particular, the higher phosphorus content in monomers (6) and (7) allowed achieving better fire performances as compared with monomer (8).…”

Section: Uv-curable Flame Retardants Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though it is not a general case that all phosphorus compounds are non-toxic, the development of new flame retardants based on phosphorus compounds has shown that they have lower toxicity profiles as compared to halogen-based counterparts [7,8]. In general, the development of any new flame retardant should involve a complete assessment of its performance in material as well as its toxicity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances for Flame Retardancy of Textiles Based on Phosphorus Chemistry

2016

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This paper aims at updating the progress on the phosphorus-based flame retardants specifically designed and developed for fibers and fabrics (particularly referring to cotton, polyester and their blends) over the last five years. Indeed, as clearly depicted by Horrocks in a recent review, the world of flame retardants for textiles is still experiencing some changes that are focused on topics like the improvement of its effectiveness and the replacement of toxic chemical products with counterparts that have low environmental impact and, hence, are more sustainable. In this context, phosphorus-based compounds play a key role and may lead, possibly in combination with silicon-or nitrogen-containing structures, to the design of new, efficient flame retardants for fibers and fabrics. Therefore, this review thoroughly describes the advances and the potentialities offered by the phosphorus-based products recently developed at a lab-scale, highlighting the current limitations, open challenges and some perspectives toward their possible exploitation at a larger scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uv-curable Flame Retardants Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances for Flame Retardancy of Textiles Based on Phosphorus Chemistry

2016

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“…Based on comparing data generated across multiple diverse test systems, the most sensitive endpoints and the most reliable test them in a broad set of well characterized and robust in vitro test systems Zimmer et al, 2014;Daneshian et al, 2016;Hirsch et al, 2016;Pallocca et al, 2016); (b) optimizing in vitro test systems by using endpoint specific controls and already well-characterized DNT compounds; (c) using steps (a) and (b) in an iterative fashion to optimize test systems and test methods.…”

Section: How Can the Information Obtained Using Dnt Reference Compounmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference compounds for alternative test methods to indicate developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) potential of chemicals: Example lists and criteria for their selection and use_suppl

Aschner

2017

ALTEX

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SummaryThere is a paucity of information concerning the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) hazard posed by industrial and environmental chemicals. New testing approaches will most likely be based on batteries of alternative and complementary (non-animal) tests. As DNT is assumed to result from the modulation of fundamental neurodevelopmental processes (such as neuronal differentiation, precursor cell migration or neuronal network formation) by chemicals, the first generation of alternative DNT tests target these processes. The advantage of such types of assays is that they capture toxicants with multiple targets and modes-of-action. Moreover, the processes modelled by the assays can be linked to toxicity endophenotypes, i.e., alterations in neural connectivity that form the basis for neurofunctional deficits in man. The authors of this review convened in a workshop to define criteria for the selection of positive/negative controls, to prepare recommendations on their use, and to initiate the setup of a directory of reference chemicals. For initial technical optimization of tests, a set of > 50 endpoint-specific control compounds was identified. For further test development, an additional "test" set of 33 chemicals considered to act directly as bona fide DNT toxicants is proposed, and each chemical is annotated to the extent it fulfills these criteria. A tabular compilation of the original literature used to select the test set chemicals provides information on statistical procedures, and toxic/non-toxic doses (both for pups and dams). Suggestions are provided on how to use the > 100 compounds (including negative controls) compiled here to address specificity, adversity and use of alternative test systems.

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“…ey also have no e ect on the algae growth or daphnia viability at low concentrations [48]. erefore, they are very promising candidates for the replacement of currently applied ame retardants.…”

Section: Phosphorus-containing Fl Ame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardants and Environmental Issues

Šehić¹,

Tavčer²,

Simončić³

2016

TEK

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This article reviews the environmental aspects of fl ame retardant (FR) use for polymeric materials. The most important groups of halogen, phosphorus-halogen, phosphorus, nitrogen-containing and mineral FRs, as well as of nanoparticle FRs are presented in relation to the health concerns and environmental risk. The main toxicological problems resulting from the use of halogenated and formaldehyde-containing FRs are discussed. Moreover, the possibility of mechanical and chemical recycling as well as energy recovery of recycled fl ame retarded polymeric materials from post-consumer waste are discussed.

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Multiparameter toxicity assessment of novel DOPO-derived organophosphorus flame retardants

Cited by 69 publications

References 71 publications

Recent Advances for Flame Retardancy of Textiles Based on Phosphorus Chemistry

Recent Advances for Flame Retardancy of Textiles Based on Phosphorus Chemistry

Reference compounds for alternative test methods to indicate developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) potential of chemicals: Example lists and criteria for their selection and use_suppl

Flame Retardants and Environmental Issues

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