No abstract

No abstract

Polyamide 6 (PA6) composite filament yarns were produced by the simultaneous incorporation of melamine cyanurate (MeCy) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) into a composite matrix in a melt-spinning process. The results show that the simultaneous incorporation of MeCy with CNTs or CB additives provided filaments with a uniform black color. Tensile analysis confirmed that a reinforcing effect was achieved when CB was used, whereas the CNTs induced a reducing effect on the filament tenacity. With regard to the burning behavior, the flame-retardant action of MeCy was preserved in the presence of CB but was significantly hindered when used in combination with CNTs. These results indicate that the mixture of MeCy and CB was much more compatible for the production of reinforced PA6 composite filaments with increased thermal stability and improved flame retardancy over those of the MeCy and CNTs.

This article reviews the environmental aspects of fl ame retardant (FR) use for polymeric materials. The most important groups of halogen, phosphorus-halogen, phosphorus, nitrogen-containing and mineral FRs, as well as of nanoparticle FRs are presented in relation to the health concerns and environmental risk. The main toxicological problems resulting from the use of halogenated and formaldehyde-containing FRs are discussed. Moreover, the possibility of mechanical and chemical recycling as well as energy recovery of recycled fl ame retarded polymeric materials from post-consumer waste are discussed.

This work presents a study of the infl uence of diethyl aluminum phosphinate (EOP) and sodium alumino silicate (ZP) as the novel green fl ame retardant spinning additives on the thermal properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) fi bres. The PA6/additive composite fi laments were prepared at 4 wt% concentration of additives and their mixture by melt spinning. The results show that the additives were physically incorporated into the PA6 fi lament, resulting in an insignifi cant change of the melting temperature. The presence of EOP decreased T onset and increased T max2 compared to pure PA6, which indicates that the degradation process started at lower temperature, whereas the thermo-oxidative stability in the second decomposition step increased. Contrary to EOP, ZP did not cause any noticeable changes in the decomposition temperatures comparing to pure PA6, but signifi cantly increased the fi nal char amount. Both phenomena were also observed when the additives were used in combination. Whereas EOP did not signifi cantly aff ect the mechanical fi lament properties, the incorporation of ZP resulted in the reinforcement of fi bres.