Multiobjective optimization strategy based on desirability functions used for the microemulsion liquid chromatographic separation and quantification of norfloxacin and tinidazole in plasma and formulations

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to optimize a microemulsion liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of norfloxacin and tinidazole binary mixture using a chemometric protocol. Optimization experiments were conducted through a process of screening and optimization. A 2(7-4) fractional factorial design was used as screening design. While the location of optimum conditions was established by applying Derringer's desirability function. The optimal mobile phase composition was predicted to be: 3.5% w/v SDS, 10.03% v/v 1-propanol, 0.5% v/v 1-octanol, and 0.3% triethylamine in 0.02 M phosphoric acid at pH 6.5. The mobile phase was delivered isocratically at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 290 nm. Tinidazole and norfloxacin were eluted with retention times of 1.8 and 5.8 min, respectively. The calibration plots displayed good linear relationships in the concentration ranges of 0.5-50 and 0.75-75 μg/mL for norfloxacin and tinidazole, respectively. The method was successfully applied for determination of both drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms and real human plasma. Where the accuracy was proved by the low values of % error and high values of recovery, also the relative standard deviation for the results did not exceed 1.5%, proving the precision of the method.

Digitally enhanced thin layer chromatography for simultaneous determination of norfloxacin and tinidazole with the aid of Taguchi orthogonal array and desirability function approach: Greenness assessment by analytical Eco‐Scale

“…The assay results of NF and TZ in pure form were compared with those obtained from the reported comparison method . Statistical analysis of the results using Student's t ‐test and the variance ratio F ‐test showed no significant differences between them regarding accuracy and precision, respectively (Supporting Information Table ).…”

“…The assay results of NF and TZ in pure form were compared with those obtained from the reported comparison method [3].…”

“…The combination of norfloxacin (NF) and tinidazole (TZ) is commercially available in tablet form to control gastrointestinal infections caused by bacterial or amoebic infection, prostatitis, and urinary tract infections due to susceptible uropathogens. Both drugs were simultaneously determined by spectrophotometry , HPLC , CE , and densitometry .…”

“…Both drugs were simultaneously determined Article Related Abbreviations: ID, integrated density; NEMI, national environmental methods index; NF, norfloxacin; TZ, tinidazole. by spectrophotometry [1,2], HPLC [3][4][5][6], CE [7], and densitometry [8,9].…”

Central composite design with the help of multivariate curve resolution in loadability optimization of RP‐HPLC to scale‐up a binary mixture

“…This process can be improved by using multivariate tools such as central composite design (CCD) that are used to check the preliminary significance of the variables in the system , considerably reduced the number of experiments and also, determined optimum values of factors with a higher degree of reliability . There are some studies that model isocratic or gradient elution for binary or multicomponent mixtures in chromatography. A significant advantage of this method is its case independency that able it to be useful in every modes of chromatography especially in binary mixtures such as isomers and enantiomers.…”