Multinozzle 3D Printing of Multilayer and Thin Flexible Electronics

Li, Yang; Wang, Rui; Zhu, Xiaoyang; Yang, Jianjun; Zhou, Longjian; Shang, Shuai; Sun, Peng; Ge, Wensong; Xu, Qianfan; Lan, Hongbo

doi:10.1002/adem.202200785

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This limitation prevents the integration of multiple functionalities on the device, greatly restricting its practicality. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize the research and design of multilayer flexible electronic devices [ 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ] to overcome these limitations and enhance their functionality.…”

Section: Stacking Process: Complex Multilayer Flexible Device Prepara...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Manufacturing Methods for Flexible Devices and Energy Storage Devices

Han,

Cui,

Liu

et al. 2023

Biosensors

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Given the advancements in modern living standards and technological development, conventional smart devices have proven inadequate in meeting the demands for a high-quality lifestyle. Therefore, a revolution is necessary to overcome this impasse and facilitate the emergence of flexible electronics. Specifically, there is a growing focus on health detection, necessitating advanced flexible preparation technology for biosensor-based smart wearable devices. Nowadays, numerous flexible products are available on the market, such as electronic devices with flexible connections, bendable LED light arrays, and flexible radio frequency electronic tags for storing information. The manufacturing process of these devices is relatively straightforward, and their integration is uncomplicated. However, their functionality remains limited. Further research is necessary for the development of more intricate applications, such as intelligent wearables and energy storage systems. Taking smart wear as an example, it is worth noting that the current mainstream products on the market primarily consist of bracelet-type health testing equipment. They exhibit limited flexibility and can only be worn on the wrist for measurement purposes, which greatly limits their application diversity. Flexible energy storage and flexible display also face the same problem, so there is still a lot of room for development in the field of flexible electronics manufacturing. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the developmental history of flexible devices, systematically summarizing representative preparation methods and typical applications, identifying challenges, proposing solutions, and offering prospects for future development.

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Section: Stacking Process: Complex Multilayer Flexible Device Prepara...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Manufacturing Methods for Flexible Devices and Energy Storage Devices

Han,

Cui,

Liu

et al. 2023

Biosensors

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“…When metal nanoparticles are selected as the electrode material, the stacking between the particles is tight, the sensitivity is high, and the conductivity is excellent. In order to ensure the deformation stability of the electrodes, many researchers have changed the shape of the conductive layer microstructure, such as utilizing serpentine structure, lattice structure, , fractal fabrication, , multilayer structure, or porous structure to improve the stretchability. Among these material structures, the electrodes with metal mesh structure are characterized by controllable line widths, space lengths, layer thicknesses, high transmittance, and good tensile properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Printing of Flexible Multilayer Composite Electrodes Based on Electrohydrodynamic Printing

Liu,

Yin,

Chi

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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With the development of electronic devices toward thinner, lighter, and more flexible, the preparation of transparent electrodes for device assembly has garnered significant attention. Traditional transparent electrodes of indium tin oxides are brittle and difficult to adapt to deformations such as bending and stretching of flexible substrates. Flexible electrodes based on two-dimensional microstructures have become viable alternatives; however, the current electrode fabrication methods are complex, typically requiring the involvement of multiple machining equipment and the combination of multiple fabrication processes for machining and fabrication, and the simple, direct, and efficient integrated fabrication of electrodes is still a great challenge. Herein, an integrated manufacturing strategy for directly printing flexible multilayer composite electrodes based on an electrohydrodynamic printing process is proposed. The printing experimental system was designed. A finite element model was developed to make a preliminary selection of the parameters and the range of values affecting printing. Experiments were designed to analyze the combination of printing parameters to determine the range of applicability. The line width prediction model was used to predict the printing of structures with superior finish quality. Different printing modes were selected for different mesh electrode layers, electrode reinforcement layers, and encapsulation layers of the composite electrodes. Surface modification treatment was combined with direct printing for the direct assembly of electrodes. The electrode of finalized size 20 mm × 20 mm has good light transmission, conductivity, deformation, and mechanical stability; current efficiency and lightemitting diode (LED) light brightness before and after deformation are basically unchanged. The electrode in different bending diameters after 1000 cycles of resistance change is small and lightweight and has stable performance under different working conditions, good environmental adaptability, and excellent overall performance. The potential of composite electrodes for a wide range of applications in emerging wearable multifunctional electronic devices is shown by fabricating wearable strain sensors and heated films based on this electrode. This method can be used to manufacture simple, low-cost, high-performance, and highefficiency electrodes.

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“…However, screen printing can only achieve a pattern resolution of at least a few hundred micrometers, thereby posing challenges for the fabrication of high-precision flexible circuits [9,10]. The advantages of inkjet printing as an additive manufacturing method are its high precision and environmental friendliness, and it is suitable for various substrates such as metals and flexible polymers [11][12][13]. Among the many inkjet printing methods, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is compatible with various types of nanomaterials, and possesses the ability to prepare flexible electronics with an ultra-fine accuracy below 5 µm [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Manufacturing Method for High-Reliability Multilayer Flexible Electronics by Electrohydrodynamic Printing

Li,

Wang,

Wen

et al. 2024

Coatings

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To meet the demand for higher performance and wearability, integrated circuits are developing towards having multilayered structures and greater flexibility. However, traditional circuit fabrication methods using etching and lamination processes are not compatible with flexible substrates. As a non-contact printing method in additive manufacturing, electrohydrodynamic printing possesses advantages such as environmental friendliness, sub-micron manufacturing, and the capability for flexible substrates. However, the interconnection and insulation of different conductive layers become significant challenges. This study took composite silver ink as a conductive material to fabricate a circuit via electrohydrodynamic printing, applied polyimide spraying to achieve interlayer insulation, and drilled micro through-holes to achieve interlayer interconnection. A 200 × 200 mm2 ten-layer flexible circuit was thus prepared. Furthermore, we combined a finite element simulation with reliability experiments, and the prepared ten-layer circuit was found to have excellent bending resistance and thermal cycling stability. This study provides a new method for the manufacturing of low-cost, large-sized, multilayer flexible circuits, which can improve circuit performance and boost the development of printed electronics.

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Multinozzle 3D Printing of Multilayer and Thin Flexible Electronics

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

A Review of Manufacturing Methods for Flexible Devices and Energy Storage Devices

A Review of Manufacturing Methods for Flexible Devices and Energy Storage Devices

Direct Printing of Flexible Multilayer Composite Electrodes Based on Electrohydrodynamic Printing

A Manufacturing Method for High-Reliability Multilayer Flexible Electronics by Electrohydrodynamic Printing

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