Self-propelled micro/nanomotors are emergent intelligent
sensors
for analyzing extracellular biomarkers in circulating biological fluids.
Conventional luminescent motors are often masked by a highly dynamic
and scattered environment, creating challenges to characterize biomarkers
or subtle binding dynamics. Here we introduce a strategy to amplify
subtle signals by coupling strong light–matter interactions
on micromotors. A smart whispering-gallery-mode microlaser that can
self-propel and analyze extracellular biomarkers is demonstrated through
a liquid crystal microdroplet. Lasing spectral responses induced by
cavity energy transfer were employed to reflect the abundance of protein
biomarkers, generating exclusive molecular labels for cellular profiling
of exosomes derived from 3D multicellular cancer spheroids. Finally,
a microfluidic biosystem with different tumor-derived exosomes was
employed to elaborate its sensing capability in complex environments.
The proposed autonomous microlaser exhibits a promising method for
both fundamental biological science and applications in drug screening,
phenotyping, and organ-on-chip applications.