Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease Based on Nanoprobes

Abstract

Recently, multimodality molecular imaging has evolved into a fast-growing research field with goals of detecting and measuring biological processes in vivo non-invasively. Researchers have come to realize that the complementary abilities of different imaging modalities over single modality could provide more precisely information for the diagnosis of diseases. At present, nanoparticles-based multimodal imaging probes have received significant attention because of their ease of preparation and straightforward integration of each modality into one entity. More importantly, nanotechnology has an increasing impact on multimodality molecular imaging of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque, myocardial infarction, angiogenesis, apoptosis and so on. In this review, we briefly summarize that various nanoprobes are exploited for targeted molecular imaging of cardiovascular diseases, as well as associated multimodality imaging approaches and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Nanotechnology for cardiovascular diseases

“…To achieve highly accurate CAD diagnosis, researchers have attempted to combine complementary information obtained from multiple imaging techniques. 85 However, differences in the depth of penetration and spatial/time resolution of various imaging devices may lead to difficulties and discrepancies when matching images, resulting in interpretation inaccuracies. 86 For this reason, the development of dual imaging strategies employing a single technique and instrumental system would provide significant advantages.…”

Magnetic Particle Imaging: Current and Future Applications, Magnetic Nanoparticle Synthesis Methods and Safety Measures

“…MPI offers benefits that are increasingly attractive for use in cardiovascular imaging [ 56 ]. Magnetic nanoparticles can act as nano-probes and deliver significant information including anatomic and physiologic details of cardiovascular diseases [ 57 ]. This behavior is largely a result of the size and physical characteristics of MNPs, as they are well suited for cellular imaging of myocardial and atherosclerotic anatomy and abnormalities [ 38 ].…”

Radioactive polymeric nanoparticles for biomedical application

“…Polymeric nanoparticulate systems are reported as excellent diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic precursor agents. These systems are used for studies in numerous diseases such as ischemia, cardiovascular diseases (Hwang et al., 2014 ), angiogenesis (Almutairi et al., 2009 ), atherosclerosis (Delgado et al., 2000 ; Subramanian et al., 2010 ; Stendahl and Sinusas, 2015 ; Wang et al., 2017 ), inflammation, cancer (Delgado et al., 2000 ; Subramanian et al., 2010 ; Criscione et al., 2011 ; Liu et al., 2011 ; Wang et al., 2017 ), and infectious diseases (Delgado et al., 2000 ; Subramanian et al., 2010 ; Criscione et al., 2011 ; Liu et al., 2011 ; Seo et al., 2014 ; Aweda et al., 2015 ; Fairclough et al., 2016 ; Woodard et al., 2016 ; Dos Santos et al., 2017 ; Tu et al., 2018 ; Simonetti et al., 2019 ), among others. The radiolabeled NPs decorated or functionalized with amino acids, simple peptides, or dendrimers promote targeting to improve uptake, biocompatibility, and stability.…”

“…In order to investigate thrombus formation, a fibrin-targeted PET probe attached to DOTA and labeled with 64 Cu showed interesting results. Moreover, a folate-conjugated porphyrin nanoparticle labeled with 64 Cu is multimodal molecular imaging proposed to evaluate post-myocardial infarction (Criscione et al., 2011 ; Liu et al., 2011 ; Seo et al., 2014 ; Fairclough et al., 2016 ; Woodard et al., 2016 ; Tu et al., 2018 ).…”