Multimodal traffic assignment with traffic emission effects

Abstract

Traffic emissions are one of the most serious issues that affect urban sustainable development. Due to the heavy pollution from cars, public transport, including electric bicycles, has been regaining its proper position. A multimodal traffic equilibrium model with emission effects (MTEEE) is presented that considers energy use per person and pollutant emissions. MTEEE is based on a general traffic equilibrium model which jointly reduces congestion and emissions in a multimodal transportation network. Aiming for control of the total amount of carbon dioxide and limiting the link concentration of carbon dioxide, the model is expressed as a mathematical programming problem by combining the concept of environmental capacity with traffic capacity as constraints. The proposed MTEEE model is solved by a particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm. Two experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the convergence properties of the PSO algorithm.

A Comprehensive Survey and Future Directions on Optimising Sustainable Urban Mobility

“…Network application regards where the model was tested. Some authors applied their model to theoretical network or presented numerical examples, while others tested in benchmark networks as Sioux Falls [44,49,[52][53][54][55], Mandl [56,57] and Nguyen-Dupuis [50,58]. Nevertheless, in the vast majority of studies, the model was tested on real networks or real case studies.…”

“…portation utility [87]. As in the previous subsection, costs may represent operation [102,132], operators' [57,81], users' [81,143], agency's [143], transportation/travel [48,55,140], vehicle [120], external [57], generalised [55,87,133,145] or life cycle [36,114,122] costs. Also, some authors considered sustainability through emissions costs [102,145].…”

“…At last, one important aspect is which emissions were considered in the reviewed studies. Authors have included carbon [87,102], carbon monoxide (CO) [40-43, 48, 55, 61, 118, 122, 123, 145], carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) [41,55,56,61,66,81,122,123,131,132,137,[139][140][141][142], GHG/CO 2 equivalent [36,114,119,120,129,133,135,143,144,146], generic nitrogen oxide pollutants (NO x ) [42,44,49,61,122,123,132,145], hydrocarbons (HC) [42,61,123,145], methane [61], sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) [122], diesel exhaust emissions [57], and particulate matter (PM [123,132], PM 2.5 [39,119,…”

“…Li and Lu[87] aimed at determining an optimal urban passenger transportation structure, considering bicycles, buses, rail systems, and cars. Meng et al[55] proposed a model for multimodal traffic assignment in a network with buses, electrical bicycles, and cars. For networks considering buses and cars, Sharma and Mathew[42] analysed the expansion of road network capacity and Ye et al[146] sought to determine the deployment and operation of recharging facilities for buses and private EVs.…”

Which service is better on a linear travel corridor: Park & ride or on-demand public bus?

“…A1: A linear urban transportation corridor that connects the city centre and suburb (satellite city) is considered. This assumption has been widely adopted by previous studies (Liu et al, 2009;Qu et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015;Meng et al, 2016).…”