2007
DOI: 10.1207/s15328007sem1401_1
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Multilevel Factor Models for Ordinal Variables

Abstract: This article tackles several issues involved in specifying, fitting, and interpreting the results of multilevel factor models for ordinal variables. First, the problem of model specification and identification is addressed, outlining parameter interpretation. Special attention is devoted to the consequences on interpretation stemming from the usual choice of not decomposing the specificities into hierarchical components. Then a general strategy of analysis is outlined, highlighting the role of the exploratory … Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(35 citation statements)
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References 19 publications
(23 reference statements)
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“…In multilevel FA, separate factors are extracted for within- and between-person levels of measurement. The value of y * for item h of individual j on day i can be expressed as yhij*=μh+true[truem=1MBλmhBθmjB+εhjBtrue]+true[truem=1MWλmhWθmijW+εhijWtrue], where M B indicates the number of between-person factors θ B with corresponding loadings λ B , M W indicates the number of within-person factors θ W with loadings λ W , μ is an item intercept, and the ε’s are item specific errors [for details, see 25]. …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In multilevel FA, separate factors are extracted for within- and between-person levels of measurement. The value of y * for item h of individual j on day i can be expressed as yhij*=μh+true[truem=1MBλmhBθmjB+εhjBtrue]+true[truem=1MWλmhWθmijW+εhijWtrue], where M B indicates the number of between-person factors θ B with corresponding loadings λ B , M W indicates the number of within-person factors θ W with loadings λ W , μ is an item intercept, and the ε’s are item specific errors [for details, see 25]. …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, if the number of between- and within-person factors (M B and M w ) is not the same, then the items address different constructs across measurement levels, indicating a lack of dimensional invariance [26]. Second, if the loadings λ B and λ W differ, then the constructs have different interpretations on the between- and within-person levels, denoting “cross-level” DIF [17, 25]. …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because our focus was only the latent structure of associate responses to FSSB items, a saturated latent covariance structure was specified at the supervisor level of the data structure. Given the complexity of MLCFA, we first conducted several suggested preliminary analyses (Grilli & Rampichini, 2007; Heck & Thomas, 2000) to assess whether a multilevel approach was needed and to identify measurement structure problems. For brevity, we only report the important findings from these preliminary analyses.…”
Section: Study 2: Fssb Superordinate Construct Validationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Technically, individual PANAS items should be treated as ordinal variables; however, because univariate skew and kurtosis were minimal, and identification and estimation of CFA models for multilevel data with ordinal variables is difficult and can lead to unstable factor solutions, this approach is permissible (see Grilli & Rampichini, 2007). …”
mentioning
confidence: 99%