Multilayered Cellulosic Material as a Leather Alternative in the Footwear Industry

Nam, Changhyun; Lee, Young‐A

doi:10.1177/0887302x18784214

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The dispersive nature of the PLA might have affected the total hydrogen bonding of the structure. Yet, the RC-based triple-layer structures showed a contact angle of 48.2°, which is hydrophilic, and very comparable to the contact angle (47.0°) of the single-layer cellulosic structures [ 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Wettability of Biodegradable Multilayer Sandwich-Structured Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes

et al. 2020

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This research aims to develop multilayer sandwich-structured electrospun nanofiber (ENF) membranes using biodegradable polymers. Hydrophilic regenerated cellulose (RC) and hydrophobic poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-based novel multilayer sandwich-structures were created by electrospinning on various copper collectors, including copper foil and 30-mesh copper gauzes, to modify the surface roughness for tunable wettability. Different collectors yielded various sizes and morphologies of the fabricated ENFs with different levels of surface roughness. Bead-free thicker fibers were collected on foil collectors. The surface roughness of the fine fibers collected on mesh collectors contributed to an increase in hydrophobicity. An RC-based triple-layered structure showed a contact angle of 48.2°, which is comparable to the contact angle of the single-layer cellulosic fabrics (47.0°). The polar shift of RC membranes on the wetting envelope is indicative of the possibility of tuning the wetting behavior by creating multilayer structures. Wettability can be tuned by creating multilayer sandwich structures consisting of RC and PLA. This study provides an important insight into the manipulation of the wetting behavior of polymeric ENFs in multilayer structures for applications including chemical protective clothing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Wettability of Biodegradable Multilayer Sandwich-Structured Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes

et al. 2020

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“…According to these properties, natural fibers can provide improvement in the footwear components. For example, the research about multilayer fabrics (cotton and hemp fabric, calf and pig leather) had positive results on the thermal comfort and they became more resistant and absorbents when cellulosic fabrics were added [37].…”

Section: Natural Fibers Applied In Footwearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panorama of natural fibers applied in Brazilian footwear: materials and market

et al. 2019

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Footwear material is of great importance mainly considering the user's health. There are many components in contact with upper and mainly lower part of foot, being the sole essential part to weight distribution, muscle activity and vertebral column. This study aimed to verify how the natural fibers are applied at Brazilian market footwear, demonstrating the types of raw materials utilized, textile constructions and other variables. As well as comparing the information at natural fibers applications data from economics sources and material employment at the footwear international market. The methodology was based in literature research and interviews with Brazilian companies. The employment of natural fibers in footwear corresponds to a small part in comparison of synthetic fibers. Cellulosic fibers have been researched to reinforce rubbers and they are applied to sole as snow footwear. In addition, these fibers are being researched as biodegradable materials, showing innovations for instance, the use of leather waste, coconut fiber and latex, multilayers fabrics and finishing process adding bactericide properties to cotton. Brazilian footwear industry is finding solutions to reduce production costs in order to compete in the international market. One of the strategies is the gradual replacement of leather by fabrics, synthetic polymers and rubbers. The interviews identified the employment of cotton, raffia and jute fabrics especially in footwear summer collections. Thus, the increasing of researches about recycling footwear components and the development of biodegradable materials points a sustainability trend in this sector.

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“…In recent years, most shoe components are majorly composed of synthetic leather, produced from polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) that requires at least 50 years to fully decompose in the absence of recyclable techniques such as mechanical regrinding and chemical recycling (pyrolysis, hydrogenation etc.) [ 5 ]. As such, the increasing environmental and societal effects of these materials have pushed research endeavors towards the development of eco-friendly products in order to resonate the concept of sustainability [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Nam et al investigated and reported the structural properties of a multi-layered microbial cellulose material supported by denim and hemp fibers. They described the material as able to protect consumers’ feet in thermal equilibrium comparable to commercial calf and pig skin [ 5 ]. In addition, several start-ups companies such as Vegea, ScobyTec, or others are coming up with promising industrial production of eco-friendly footwear leather-like materials, such as Malai biocomposite or Pinatex, by converting agro-biomass from fruits and plant leaves as raw natural fiber sources [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Nonwoven Fibrous Biocomposites for Footwear Components

et al. 2020

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Chromium-tanned leathers used in the manufacture of footwear and leather goods pose an environmental problem because they contain harmful chemicals and are very difficult to recycle. A solution to this problem can be composite materials from tree leaves, fruit residues and other fibrous agricultural products, which can replace chromium-tanned leather. The present study describes the preparation of biocomposite leather-like materials from microbial cellulose and maple leave fibers as bio-fillers. The formulation was optimized by design of experiment and the prepared biocomposites characterized by tensile test, FTIR, DMA, SEM, adhesion test, volume porosity, water absorptivity, surface wettability and shape stability. From the viewpoint of future use in the footwear industry, results obtained showed that the optimized material was considerably flexible with tensile strength of 2.13 ± 0.29 MPa, elastic modulus of 76.93 ± 1.63 MPa and porosity of 1570 ± 146 mL/min. In addition, the material depicted good shape stability and surface adhesive properties. The results indicate that a suitable treatment of biomass offers a way to prepare exploitable nonwoven fibrous composites for the footwear industry without further burdening the environment.

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Multilayered Cellulosic Material as a Leather Alternative in the Footwear Industry

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Tunable Wettability of Biodegradable Multilayer Sandwich-Structured Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes

Tunable Wettability of Biodegradable Multilayer Sandwich-Structured Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes

Panorama of natural fibers applied in Brazilian footwear: materials and market

Preparation and Characterization of Nonwoven Fibrous Biocomposites for Footwear Components

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