Multilayer graphene-based saturable absorbers with scalable modulation depth for mode-locked Er- and Tm-doped fiber lasers

Soboń, Grzegorz; Sotor, Jarosław; Pasternak, Iwona; Krajewska, Aleksandra; Strupiński, Włodek; Abramski, Krzysztof M.

doi:10.1364/ome.5.002884

Cited by 92 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It indicates, that choosing the SA with proper CNT thickness might be an efficient method for wavelength-tuning of the laser, without degrading the pulse duration, bandwidth, or output power. It can be seen, that in contrast to our previous laser based on graphene25, here the wavelength shifts towards longer wavelengths with increased cavity loss (caused by a thicker CNT-layer SA). The reason of that behavior is, that in case of this particular resonator, the optimum balance between the resonator transmittance, and the emission/absorption cross-sections of the active fiber is found at longer wavelengths, when the additional losses of the CNT-SA are introduced.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…at lower pump powers) for the thicker SAs, which have a much larger modulation depth in overall than the thinnest sample. In general, the output powers are much higher in the CNT-based lasers, when compared to our previous work on graphene-based lasers25. This is caused by a combination of several factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…However, the differences in the pulse durations between the setups are not so significant as in case of graphene-based saturable absorbers with different number of layers25. The Tm-doped laser is quite sensitive to additional losses inside the cavity, which results in significant shift in the central wavelength (from 1925 nm to 1945 nm).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of the CNT layer thickness on the modulation depth and on the Tm-laser behavior was not investigated yet. In our previous works, we have examined the possibility of modulation depth scaling in graphene saturable absorbers25. We have revealed, that the number of graphene layers determines the modulation depth, and has a significant influence on a fiber laser behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

CNT-based saturable absorbers with scalable modulation depth for Thulium-doped fiber lasers operating at 1.9 μm

Soboń

Dużyńska

Świniarski

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, we demonstrate a comprehensive study on the nonlinear parameters of carbon nanotube (CNT) saturable absorbers (SA) as a function of the nanotube film thickness. We have fabricated a set of four saturable absorbers with different CNT thickness, ranging from 50 to 200 nm. The CNTs were fabricated via a vacuum filtration technique and deposited on fiber connector end facets. Each SA was characterized in terms of nonlinear transmittance (i.e. optical modulation depth) and tested in a Thulium-doped fiber laser. We show, that increasing the thickness of the CNT layer significantly increases the modulation depth (up to 17.3% with 200 nm thick layer), which strongly influences the central wavelength of the laser, but moderately affects the pulse duration. It means, that choosing the SA with defined CNT thickness might be an efficient method for wavelength-tuning of the laser, without degrading the pulse duration. In our setup, the best performance in terms of bandwidth and pulse duration (8.5 nm and 501 fs, respectively) were obtained with 100 nm thick CNT layer. This is also, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of a fully polarization-maintaining mode-locked Tm-doped laser based on CNT saturable absorber.

show abstract

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

CNT-based saturable absorbers with scalable modulation depth for Thulium-doped fiber lasers operating at 1.9 μm

Soboń

Dużyńska

Świniarski

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is found that the modulation depth can be tuned by changing the number of graphene layers. Unfortunately, it has a very small range and will cause a sharp increase in nonsaturable loss . By adjusting the polarization controller (PC), single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can realize the tuning of modulation depth .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Energy Band Regulation of Bi₂₋_xSb_xTe₃ and Its Application as Mode Locking Material in Low Gain Ultrafast Fiber Laser

Song

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Topological insulators (TIs) are widely used as saturable absorbers in ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers, but the low modulation depth and high threshold power of self‐starting mode‐locking limit their application, especially in the field of communication. Five Bi2Te3‐based materials are prepared by designing different doping ratios. The modulation depth is tunable from 4.41% to 51.31%. It is noteworthy that the minimum pump power of self‐starting mode‐locking is only 27.66 mW. In the circumstance of low gain, Kelly sideband is still weak even if the pump power reaches 165 mW. This is significant for the application in the field of laser communication. Density functional theory calculations show that the doping effect leads to the rearrangement of electrons near the Fermi level, which further leads to an increase in the density of states. The average contribution trend of Te pz of the five materials in each energy band near the Fermi level is consistent with the trend of modulation depth. This study suggests that the nonlinearity of Bi2Te3‐based materials can be improved by doping Sb, and stable self‐starting mode‐locking can be achieved at low gain and low pump power, providing a new idea for improving the nonlinearity of materials.

show abstract

2D Materials for Nonlinear Photonics and Electro‐Optical Applications

Yin

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

that satisfy the growing needs for compact, small foot-print, highly efficient and broadband photonic and optoelectronic devices. In other words, the development between SA technologies and lasers is almost isochronous. By 1983, several mode-locked fiber lasers with actively doped fiber amplifiers were demonstrated largely driven by improvements in low-loss optical fibers. However, mode-locking with a dye SA was unstable in Nd:fibers at the time. [5] The early 1990s saw the semiconductor SA mirror (SESAM) invention which was a milestone in the realization of stable passive mode-locked pulses [6,7] and stable Q-switching. However, SESAM progress was impeded by the narrow operation bandwidth, challenging fabrication process, slow relaxation time and most importantly a weak mid-infrared (mid-IR) response. By contrast, 2D nanomaterials can possess shorter relaxation times with a highly efficient broadband response covering even the mid-IR. The fabrication methods, nonlinear optical properties and applications in optics, biomedicine, and other fields of 2D materials are shown in Figure 1. 2D materials are now the spotlight of SA research applications because of these unique properties along with stable quantum confinement, higher mechanical stability, and an inherently small-footprint. [8][9][10] Graphene has been a breakthrough 2D NLO material for a wide range of topics such as broadband optical modulation, [11] optical frequency mixing, [12] ultrafast laser generation, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and surface plasmonic. [21] Nevertheless, the development of this material is still limited to some extent [22] due to its innate gapless band structure and the weak electronic on/off ratio. Topological insulators (TIs) reveal a large modulation depth. However, the fabrication of TIs is complicated because of their two elements composition. [23][24][25] Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are unusable in the mid-IR region because of their large bandgaps. [26] In Group-VA monoelemental materials, black phosphorus (BP) is famous for the characteristic layer number dependent bandgap. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] However, monolayer or fewlayer BP lacks of chemical stability at ambient conditions. [36,37] In addition, another Group-VA material, semiconducting antimonene, is relatively stable under ambient environment with a wide bandgap. [38] Bulk antimonene has great potential to become a TI as well as quantum spin Hall phase producer when the number of layers is under 22, respectively. [39] On top of this, antimonene is very chemically stable. It has good thermal conductivity, [40] high mobility, [41] excellent thermoelectric figure of merit, [42] and good optical properties, [43][44][45][46] which 2D materials have received significant attention from the scientific community due to their unique structures and excellent physical properties. A lot of applications are explored based on graphene, topological insulators, and transition metal dichalcogenides. With further development of 2D materials, other Group-VA...

show abstract

Multilayer graphene-based saturable absorbers with scalable modulation depth for mode-locked Er- and Tm-doped fiber lasers

Cited by 92 publications

References 28 publications

CNT-based saturable absorbers with scalable modulation depth for Thulium-doped fiber lasers operating at 1.9 μm

CNT-based saturable absorbers with scalable modulation depth for Thulium-doped fiber lasers operating at 1.9 μm

Study on the Energy Band Regulation of Bi₂₋_xSb_xTe₃ and Its Application as Mode Locking Material in Low Gain Ultrafast Fiber Laser

2D Materials for Nonlinear Photonics and Electro‐Optical Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Multilayer graphene-based saturable absorbers with scalable modulation depth for mode-locked Er- and Tm-doped fiber lasers

Cited by 92 publications

References 28 publications

CNT-based saturable absorbers with scalable modulation depth for Thulium-doped fiber lasers operating at 1.9 μm

CNT-based saturable absorbers with scalable modulation depth for Thulium-doped fiber lasers operating at 1.9 μm

Study on the Energy Band Regulation of Bi2−xSbxTe3 and Its Application as Mode Locking Material in Low Gain Ultrafast Fiber Laser

2D Materials for Nonlinear Photonics and Electro‐Optical Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Study on the Energy Band Regulation of Bi₂₋_xSb_xTe₃ and Its Application as Mode Locking Material in Low Gain Ultrafast Fiber Laser