Multifunctional Superparamagnetic Stiff Nanoreservoirs for Blood Brain Barrier Applications

Abstract

Neurological diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke) are becoming a major concern for health systems in developed countries due to the increment of ageing in the population, and many resources are devoted to the development of new therapies and contrast agents for selective imaging. However, the strong isolation of the brain by the brain blood barrier (BBB) prevents not only the crossing of pathogens, but also a large set of beneficial drugs. Therefore, an alternative strategy is arising based on the anchoring to vascular endothelial cells of nanoplatforms working as delivery reservoirs. In this work, novel injectable mesoporous nanorods, wrapped by a fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles envelope, are proposed as biocompatible reservoirs with an extremely high loading capacity, surface versatility, and optimal morphology for enhanced grafting to vessels during their diffusive flow. Wet chemistry techniques allow for the development of mesoporous silica nanostructures with tailored properties, such as a fluorescent response suitable for optical studies, superparamagnetic behavior for magnetic resonance imaging MRI contrast, and large range ordered porosity for controlled delivery. In this work, fluorescent magnetic mesoporous nanorods were physicochemical characterized and tested in preliminary biological in vitro and in vivo experiments, showing a transversal relaxivitiy of 324.68 mM−1 s−1, intense fluorescence, large specific surface area (300 m2 g−1), and biocompatibility for endothelial cells’ uptake up to 100 µg (in a 80% confluent 1.9 cm2 culture well), with no liver and kidney disability. These magnetic fluorescent nanostructures allow for multimodal MRI/optical imaging, the allocation of therapeutic moieties, and targeting of tissues with specific damage.

Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles Encapsulated into Vitamin E/Sphingomyelin Nanoemulsions as Contrast Agents for High‐Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…In Vivo Brain MRI: For brain MR imaging VitE-MFO-NEs, VitE-NEs and PBS were injected directly in the parenchyma of the animals (n = 3, 2.7 mg lipids mL −1 , 471 × 10 −6 m Fe) following a protocol previously described. [55] Briefly, a Hamilton syringe (Hamilton; 10 μL) was filled with the corresponding nanoparticle suspension, NEs (0.109 mg lipids kg −1 ) or VitE-MFO-NEs, (0.109 mg lipids kg −1 , 0.018 μmol Fe kg −1 ) and a volume of 10 μL was injected in the right hemisphere of the brain at a flow rate of 1 μL min −1 over 10 min. Same procedure was performed in the left hemisphere injecting 10 μL of PBS.…”

The Effect of Rhodamine B on the Cerebellum and Brainstem Tissue of Rattus Norvegicus

“…The photoluminescence spectrum of rhodamine functioned by HMMSN nanorods shows that excitation has a maximum located at λmax ex = 560 nm and peak emission at λexc em = 580 nm according to excitation/fluorescence emission. This optical functionality is added to the silica surface without changing the structural, texture, or physical properties of blessing nanorods with additional fluorescent marking for biological imaging, 11 5) The fluorescence brightness distribution of rhodamine B is used to investigate the amount and depth of drug delivery through interactive pressure on the hydrophobic delivery of rhodamine B to ex vivo heated arterial walls to determine optimal drug delivery conditions. 12 Subsequent research on curative efforts in increasing hepatocyte cells exposed to Rhodamine B through herbal therapy of garlic water extract (Allium sativum) was used to determine the levels of SGOT, and SGPT and histopathological features of the rat liver (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to Rhodamine B.…”

The Structure of Water in Silica Mesopores – Influence of the Pore Wall Polarity

“…Free valences on the inner surfaces were saturated via additional hydroxyl groups according to a defined process during which trisilanol groups and isolated oxygens were removed from the surfaces. [ 88 ]…”