Multifunctional non-Pt ternary catalyst for the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen evolution reactions in reversal-tolerant anode

Lee, Seung Woo; Kim, Tae-Yang; Baik, Chaekyung; Kim, Mi So; Chai, Geun Seok; Pak, Chanho

doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2019.105758

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the observed fast degradation and weak reversal tolerance of carbon-supported Pt or Pt alloy catalysts are not unique to the GDE-type anode, but the anodes from the catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) also show similar behavior. 16,28,29 Hydrogen Starvation Tests of the MEA with Pt Black-Only Anode. In comparison, Figure 4 shows the hydrogen starvation results for the MEA with Pt black-only anode.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the anode investigated here is made of GDE. However, the observed fast degradation and weak reversal tolerance of carbon-supported Pt or Pt alloy catalysts are not unique to the GDE-type anode, but the anodes from the catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) also show similar behavior. ,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hu et al 27 found that the RTA based on the OER catalyst can prolong the water electrolysis and thus increase the voltage reversal tolerance under hydrogen starvation conditions at subfreezing and low temperatures, i.e., −15 to 40 °C. Besides adding an additional OER catalyst, Lee et al 29 examined the approach of using non-Pt ternary catalysts as a bifunctional one suitable for both HOR and OER. It turns out to perform more enhanced durability than the RTA composed of a Pt/C catalyst and an additional OER catalyst.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reversal Tolerant Anodes Using Protective Layers for Highly Robust Automotive Fuel Cells

Hong

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) powered by polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) need an improvement in their durability and robustness to achieve broader commercialization. Cell reversal induced by hydrogen starvation could significantly reduce the performance and durability of the PEMFC system in a short time. Here, we present the cell performance degradation and cell failure mechanisms during hydrogen starvation through examining membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with several different anode structures. For an MEA with conventional anode composed of carbon-supported platinum catalyst (Pt/C), the degradation caused by cell reversal primarily comes from carbon support corrosion. It is worth noting that an MEA with Pt black-only anode without any carbon also fails during hydrogen starvation. It is postulated that cell failure and performance degradation of the MEA with Pt black-only anode are caused by the corrosion of carbon materials present in the anode microporous layer (MPL) in gas diffusion layers. Based on these findings, we proposed a reversal tolerant anode (RTA) composed of both Pt black as a catalyst layer and thin titanium (Ti) as a protective layer. The conventional MEA with Pt/C anode exhibits the highest cell voltage degradation rate of 15.2% loss/min and the lowest reversal tolerance, whereas this new RTA MEA with Pt black and 13.0 μm thick Ti layer anode gives the lowest cell voltage degradation rate of 0.049% loss/min and the highest reversal tolerance, which is an approximately 310-fold increase compared with the conventional MEA with Pt/C anode. These findings will greatly contribute to designing a new concept of RTAs and enhancing the cell voltage reversal tolerance of PEMFCs dramatically under severe operating conditions of hydrogen starvation and thus improving the competitiveness of FCEVs.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reversal Tolerant Anodes Using Protective Layers for Highly Robust Automotive Fuel Cells

Hong

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were measured using a Philips X'pert Pro X-ray diffractometer using a Cu-Kα source at 40 kV and 40 mA. The crystalline sizes of the Pd alloy on the carbon support were calculated by using the Scherrer's equation [38]. A G2 FE-TEM Tecnai microscope was used to obtain transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) images at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV.…”

Section: Physicochemical and Electrochemical Characterization Of Catamentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Nanoporous PdIrZn Alloy Catalyst by Dissolving Excess ZnO for Cathode of High- Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

You

Kim

et al. 2019

Energies

Self Cite

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Carbon-supported nanoporous palladium-iridium–zinc (NP-PdIrZn) electrocatalyst was prepared through the modification of the alcohol-reduction process following the selective dissolution of excess ZnO nanoparticles using NaOH solution. The electrocatalyst was applied successfully to the cathode for a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the NP-PdIrZn nanoparticles suggests formation of the ternary alloy and complete removal of ZnO without the formation of individual Pd, Ir, or Zn nanoparticles. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images displayed porous nanoparticles with an irregular shape, which was generated by removing the ZnO from the PdIrZn–ZnO nanocomposites, and was prepared by using the excessive Zn precursor. The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of the NP-PdIrZn catalysts was estimated by cyclic voltammetry using a rotating disk electrode method , and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity was evaluated by a linear sweep method. The NP-PdIrZn catalysts showed larger ECSA and higher ORR activity than those of the PdIr and PdIrZn catalysts, which may be attributed to the increased exposed surface area by selective etching of the ZnO in the composites. Furthermore, the NP-PdIrZn catalyst exhibited excellent performance (0.66 V) in a single cell under the HT-PEMFC condition than those of the PdIr (0.58 V) and PdIrZn (0.62 V) catalysts, indicating that geometric and electronic control of Pd-based alloy can improve the single-cell performance for the HT-PEMFC.

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“…Durst et al compared the HOR activity of carbon-supported nanoparticles of four noble metals (Pt, Ir, Rh, and Pd), which indicated that the activity of Ir is the second highest next to Pt. Furthermore, various studies reported that Ir-containing alloy nanoparticles (such as Ir–Ru, − Ir–Ru–Y, Ir–V, , and Ir–Co − ) exhibit HOR activity comparable to that of Pt. Although the extremely low abundance and high cost of Ir must be considered, the use of second (or third) alloying elements could address this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Peroxide Generation and Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction Properties of Ir(111)-, (100)-, and (110)-Low-Index Single-Crystal Surfaces

et al. 2021

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Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) generation and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) properties of Ir(hkl) (hkl = 111, 100, and 110) were investigated in acidic media using scanning electrochemical microscopy. In the 0.06−0.3 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode potential region, H 2 O 2 generation properties were significantly suppressed for the Ir(hkl) surfaces in comparison with Pt(111): only the Ir(100) revealed slight evolution of H 2 O 2 at ca. 0.1 V. Conversely, the HOR activity trend of the Ir(hkl) was Ir(111) > Ir(100) > Ir(110), and the activity of Ir( 111) is approximately 70% of that of Pt(111). This study presents Ir-based nanosized catalysts whose surface comprises mainly ( 111) facets (such as octahedron-shape) as effective anode catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

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Multifunctional non-Pt ternary catalyst for the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen evolution reactions in reversal-tolerant anode

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Reversal Tolerant Anodes Using Protective Layers for Highly Robust Automotive Fuel Cells

Reversal Tolerant Anodes Using Protective Layers for Highly Robust Automotive Fuel Cells

Preparation of Nanoporous PdIrZn Alloy Catalyst by Dissolving Excess ZnO for Cathode of High- Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Hydrogen Peroxide Generation and Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction Properties of Ir(111)-, (100)-, and (110)-Low-Index Single-Crystal Surfaces

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