Multifunctional green synthesized Cu–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles: anti-cancer and antibacterial activities

Abstract

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-cancer agent and there have been attempts in developing nanostructures for its delivery to tumor cells. The nanoparticles promote cytotoxicity of DOX against tumor cells and in turn, they reduce adverse impacts on normal cells. The safety profile of nanostructures is an important topic and recently, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has obtained much attention for the preparation of biocompatible carriers. In the present study, we prepared layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanostructures for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. The Cu–Al LDH nanoparticles were synthesized by combining Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and Al(NO3)3·9H2O, and then, autoclave at 110. The green modification of LDH nanoparticles with Plantago ovata (PO) was performed and finally, DOX was loaded onto nanostructures. The FTIR, XRD, and FESEM were employed for the characterization of LDH nanoparticles, confirming their proper synthesis. The drug release study revealed the pH-sensitive release of DOX (highest release at pH 5.5) and prolonged DOX release due to PO modification. Furthermore, MTT assay revealed improved biocompatibility of Cu–Al LDH nanostructures upon PO modification and showed controlled and low cytotoxicity towards a wide range of cell lines. The CLSM demonstrated cellular uptake of nanoparticles, both in the HEK-293 and MCF-7 cell lines; however, the results were showed promising cellular internalizations to the HEK-293 rather than MCF-7 cells. The in vivo experiment highlighted the normal histopathological structure of kidneys and no side effects of nanoparticles, further confirming their safety profile and potential as promising nano-scale delivery systems. Finally, antibacterial test revealed toxicity of PO-modified Cu–Al LDH nanoparticles against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria.

Advances of Layered Double Hydroxide‐Based Materials for Tumor Imaging and Therapy

“…[98] Among them, LDH and their nanocomposites have been widely used in the field of tumors therapy due to their excellent properties. [22,99] These applications include traditional chemotherapeutic approaches, emerging phototherapies such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), gene therapy, immunotherapy, chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and combination therapies, among many others. These nanomaterials show great potential in tumor therapy and provide new avenues for developing more effective therapeutic strategies.…”

A comprehensive review on LDH-based catalysts to activate persulfates for the degradation of organic pollutants

“…Although there are many studies reported the fabrication of LDHs in water as a benign solvent, the procedures were based on using toxic materials such as urea, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, etc. 161,162 . Consequently, several investigations should be conducted to find out alternative and eco-friendly materials.…”

Multifunctional Layered Double Hydroxides for Drug Delivery and Imaging

“…Several recent studies have analyzed and enhanced the LDH-based delivery of therapeutic molecules [ 5 , 53 ], anti-inflammatory drugs [ 54 , 55 ], anticancer drugs [ 27 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ], and peptide hormones [ 61 ] by improving the drug-release property of LDHs by modification via intercalation, absorption, and other methods. For example, a publication reported the intercalation of nicotinic acid (NA) in LDH interlayers [ 5 ].…”