Multifunctional graphene nanoplatelets/cellulose nanocrystals composite paper

Wang, Fuzhong; Drzal, Lawrence T.; Qin, Yan; Zhang, Huang

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.04.031

Cited by 70 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Figure 6 showed a layered structure laminated by graphene sheets in the cross-section of the membranes, and similarly observed morphology have been also demonstrated in previous study [ 15 , 26 , 29 ]. This was attributed to the binding action of GO and NFC, which embedded among the graphene flakes, gluing them together.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Thin Electric Heating Membrane Constructed with a Three-Dimensional Nanofibrillated Cellulose–Graphene–Graphene Oxide System

Shao

Zhu

et al. 2018

Materials

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Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and graphene oxide (GO) with reinforcing and film-forming properties were employed with graphene to develop a novel and thin electric heating membrane with heat dissipation controllability. A negative charge was found on the surface of GO and NFC in aqueous dispersions, which contributed to the homogeneous distribution of the graphene sheets. The membrane had a good laminated structure with three-dimensional interaction between GO and NFC, with embedded graphene sheets. Conductivity was characterized as a function of the amount of graphene, thus giving control over to the heating power by adjusting the ratio of graphene. Subsequent electric heating tests can remove irregularities on the GO and graphene sheet, improving the laminated structure further. The temperature on the surface of the membrane presented an exponential increasing regularity with time. Under the same power density and time, the stabilized temperature rise of membranes was higher when grammage was higher, which was characterized by the linear function of the power density. Low-grammage membranes (1 and 4 g·m−2) also exhibited regular and even stabilized temperature rises. The indicated structure and heating performance of the membrane, as well as the variation induced by Joule heating, would drive its applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Thin Electric Heating Membrane Constructed with a Three-Dimensional Nanofibrillated Cellulose–Graphene–Graphene Oxide System

Shao

Zhu

et al. 2018

Materials

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“…They found that by blending increasing amount of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets with bacterial cellulose improved the electrical conductivity values, with 2 wt% of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets in the bacterial cellulose matrix yielding an electrical conductivity value of approximately 0.75 S cm -1 . Similar work on improving the electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets/cellulose nanocrystals composite paper was also reported by Wang et al (2015). They found that they could still maintain a good-enough improvement in electrical conductivity using up to 15 wt% cellulose Cellulose nanocrystals in the graphene nanoplatelets hybrid paper.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Nanofibrillated cellulose/nanographite composite films

et al. 2016

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Though research into nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has recently increased, few studies have considered co-utilising NFC and nanographite (NG) in composite films, and, it has, however been a challenge to use high-yield pulp fibres (mechanical pulps) to produce this nanofibrillar material. It is worth noting that there is a significant difference between chemical pulp fibres and high-yield pulp fibres, as the former is composed mainly of cellulose and has a yield of approximately 50 % while the latter is consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and has a yield of approximately 90 %. NFC was produced by combining TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethypiperidine-1-oxyl)-mediated oxidation with the mechanical shearing of chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) and sulphite pulp (SP); the NG was produced by mechanically exfoliating graphite. The different NaClO dosages in the TEMPO system differently oxidised the fibres, altering their fibrillation efficiency. NFC-NG films were produced by casting in a Petri dish. We examine the effect of NG on the sheet-resistance and mechanical properties of NFC films. Addition of 10 wt% NG to 90 wt% NFC of sample CC2 (5 mmol NaClO CTMP-NFC homogenised for 60 min) improved the sheet resistance, i.e. from that of an insulating pure NFC film to 180 X/sq. Further addition of 20 (CC3) and 25 wt% (CC4) of NG to 80 and 75 wt% respectively, lowered the sheet resistance to 17 and 9 X/sq, respectively. For the mechanical properties, we found that adding 10 wt% NG to 90 wt% NFC of sample HH2 (5 mmol NaClO SP-NFC homogenised for 60 min) improved the tensile index by 28 %, tensile stiffness index by 20 %, and peak load by 28 %. The film's surface morphology was visualised using scanning electron microscopy, revealing the fibrillated structure of NFC and NG. This methodology yields NFC-NG films that are mechanically stable, bendable, and flexible.

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“…SEM observations of the crease on the outside of a folded paper revealed a few microcracks on the EEG and A‐EEG paper, on the other hand, the P‐EEG paper showed smooth morphology, where the graphene layer was continuous and free from cracks across the crease (Figure S9c, Supporting Information). These results confirm that the graphene layer in P‐EEG paper could withstand rupture even upon folding, because mechanical compression could reduce the most pores and defects in the graphene paper, resulting in the enhancement of alignment and contact between the graphene sheets …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Mass‐Produced Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene for Ultrahigh Thermally Conductive Paper Using a Multimetal Electrode System

Kwon

Park

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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adhesive tape, revealed that graphite can be split into single-layer graphene, several graphene-preparation methods have been developed for fundamental research or specific applications, including chemical vapor deposition using catalytic metal substrates, [10] chemical exfoliation of graphite based on Hummers' method, [11] liquidphase exfoliation using surfactants, [12] and microwave exfoliation using ionic liquids. [13] Although the outstanding properties or device performance of graphene have already been demonstrated at the laboratory level, [10][11][12][13] they are easily lost or deteriorated during transfer to large scale production. Hence, a simple and cost-effective method and system for the mass production of high-quality and solution-processable graphene sheets need to be developed in order to apply "precious" graphene to a wide range of industrial applications.Motivated by these requirements for simple, fast, and environment-friendly methods for the production of high-quality graphene, Müllen and co-workers reported pioneering work on the direct exfoliation of graphite by electrochemical methods using both acidic [14] and nonacidic electrolyte systems. [15] The electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) satisfies the seemingly irreconcilable requirements of excellent conductivity and solution processability in organic solvents, due to its moderate degree of oxidation, which facilitates its use in a number of applications, such as transparent conductive films and flexible supercapacitors, [16] organic field-effect transistors, [17] sensors, [18] lithium-ion batteries, [19] and 3D composites. [20] However, a cost-effective mass-production system has yet to be explored and consequently, the rational design of electrochemical cells is expected to upgrade the production of EEG from the laboratory scale to an industrial product.Despite recent advances in electrode design and the equipment engineering of electrochemical-exfoliation approaches, as summarized in Table S1 in the Supporting Information, technical issues, such as lowering production costs, designing simple cells, and improving production yields, still remain critical bottlenecks for industrial applications. In this study, we developed a low-cost system for the mass production of EEG using multiple graphite-stainless-steel electrodes (multicells). First, the EEG production cost was reduced by replacing the Herein, the development of a cost-effective system is reported for the mass production of electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) using multiple graphite-stainless-steel electrodes (multicells) in a series configuration and its application to heat transfer. Exfoliation using series-configured multicells leads to the production of high-quality graphene (a few layers of graphene sheets with a low oxygen content and a high C/O ratio of 16.2) at a rate of 30 g per half hour (one-batch). Furthermore, EEG paper is fabricated by the vacuum filtration of the EEG dispersion, and further thermal annealing and mechanical-compression processes are used...

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Multifunctional graphene nanoplatelets/cellulose nanocrystals composite paper

Cited by 70 publications

References 42 publications

Thin Electric Heating Membrane Constructed with a Three-Dimensional Nanofibrillated Cellulose–Graphene–Graphene Oxide System

Thin Electric Heating Membrane Constructed with a Three-Dimensional Nanofibrillated Cellulose–Graphene–Graphene Oxide System

Nanofibrillated cellulose/nanographite composite films

Mass‐Produced Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene for Ultrahigh Thermally Conductive Paper Using a Multimetal Electrode System

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