“…5,6 Gold nanoparticles (e.g., nanorods, nanoshells, nanocages, and nanostars) have received great attention as nanotheranostic agents due to their properties including strong localized surface plasmon resonance, in vivo stability, biocompatibility, and facile surface modification via strong thiol---gold chemical bonding. 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 They have been designed to have strong surface plasmon resonance in the near---infrared (NIR) region, which is considered to be the tissue optical window for biomedical imaging and therapy due to the low optical attenuation in this spectral range (700---900 nm). 19 Those gold nanoparticles have been used for surface---enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), multiphoton microscopy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), drug delivery and other applications.…”