Multifunctional compounds: Smart molecules for multifactorial diseases

Dual Abrogation of Mnk and Mtor: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Aggressive Cancers

“…In the latter approach, using a labile linker such as an ester can result in the release of the two drugs when cleaved by plasma esterases [99]. The rationale behind the development of hybrid drugs is the simultaneous presence of chemical entities in the cell, which may act in a synergistic manner to augment potency and reduce side effects [101,102,114]. This is in contrast to the administration of individual drugs that will inevitably be delivered to the target site at different rates and efficacies.…”

“…Even clonally derived tumor cells exhibit variation in drug resistance [99]. The complexity of cellular signaling means that the traditional single treatment approach is often ineffective, and inhibition of multiple targets is required to stay one step ahead of the tumor cell [80,100,101]. Advances in personalized medicine and genomic screening have enabled the identification of specific mutations in an individual patient.…”

“…These include poor patient compliance, drug-drug interactions and potentially severe side effects. The coformulation of multiple drugs into a single dosage improves patient compliance by simplifying dosing regiments, however, complex pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmaco dynamic (PD) relationships occur through the variation in metabolism rate among patients [101].…”

Synthesis, characterization and anti-inflammatory evaluation of novel derivatives of Trolox with pharmacological alcohol and amines

“…In view of the above, antioxidant compounds may be beneficial in the treatment of conditions involving oxidative stress. Multifunctional compounds, rationally designed to exhibit two or more pharmacological actions, are considered successful in the treatment of complex diseases, such as those affecting central nervous system, like Alzheimer diseases and Parkinsonism, immune system, such as arthritis and cancer, or cardiovascular system, like atherosclerosis [4][5][6][7][8]. Therefore, in this study, an antioxidant carboxylic acid has been esterified and amidated by cinnamyl alcohol, thiomorpholine and 3-pyridinepropanol (Scheme 1).…”

Tetrahydroberberine, a pharmacologically active naturally occurring alkaloid

“…Berberine (see Scheme 1), the fully oxidized form of the compound, has long been known to exert a broad variety of potentially useful pharmacological and therapeutic properties, ranging from antimalarial (Ho, 2013;Bansal & Silakari, 2014) to anticancer agents (Kaboli et al, 2014;Anwarul Bashar et al, 2014;Ortiz et al, 2014). The understanding of these properties and their application to human medicine continue to be active areas of research.…”