Multifunctional bacteria-derived tags for advancing immunoassay analytical performance with dual-channel switching and antibodies bioactivity sustaining

Dual-Modal Immunochromatographic Test for Sensitive Detection of Zearalenone in Food Samples Based On Biosynthetic Staphylococcus aureus-Mediated Polymer Dot Nanocomposites

“…Mycotoxins are extremely toxic pollutants commonly found in foods, feeds, and agricultural products that can induce foodborne illness and intoxication. − Zearalenone (ZEN), which is primarily produced by several Fusarium species, can contaminate a variety of agricultural commodities and may cause several detrimental effects on human health, including carcinogenicity, abortion, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity, among others. , Furthermore, due to its thermal stability, it is difficult to eradicateZENusing traditional cooking methods, exacerbating its contamination . To reduce the danger of ZEN exposure, the European Commission and China have established the maximum residue level for ZEN in grains as 50 and 60 μg/kg, respectively. , As a result, establishing novel ZEN monitoring systems that match the criteria of rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection in the field of global food security is vital.…”

“…Because of the protein A expressed on its surface, Staphylococcus aureus (SA), a facilely obtainable Gram-positive bacterium (approximately 0.7 μm in diameter) with a characteristic coccus morphology, can directly bind with the Fc region of mAbs, permitting SA to be utilized as a biocarrier for detecting analytes. Previous research described the use of Ru­(bpy) 3 2+ -embedded SAQDs (SAQDsRu) as labels for ICT sensing of ZEN . However, the previously synthesized SAQDs require the addition of other fluorophores to compensate for their weak fluorescence intensity, which necessitates multiple steps and a lengthy synthesis time, significantly limiting their practical applicability.…”

“…1−3 Zearalenone (ZEN), which is primarily produced by several Fusarium species, can contaminate a variety of agricultural commodities and may cause several detrimental effects on human health, including carcinogenicity, abortion, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity, among others. 4,5 Furthermore, due to its thermal stability, it is difficult to eradicateZENusing traditional cooking methods, exacerbating its contamination. 6 To reduce the danger of ZEN exposure, the European Commission and China have established the maximum residue level for ZEN in grains as 50 and 60 μg/kg, respectively.…”

Universal and ultrasensitive detection of foodborne bacteria on a lateral flow assay strip by using wheat germ agglutinin-modified magnetic SERS nanotags

“…Lateral ow assay (LFA) has developed into the most mature and popular POCT technology with the advantages of portability, real-time analysis, rapidness, and low cost. [9][10][11][12] The performance of current LFA methods for bacteria detection highly depends on the performance of signal nanotags and biorecognition molecules (mainly antibodies), which cause the poor universality of the LFA system for different pathogens. In general, a pair of antibodies is required for one target bacteria and plays two key roles in the LFA method: (i) it is modied onto the surface of signal nanotags to effectively bind to the target bacterial cell, and (ii) it is immobilized on the test line of the LFA strip to specically catch the formed bacteria-nanotag complexes.…”

Graphene-labeled synthetic antigen as a novel probe for enhancing sensitivity and simplicity in lateral flow immunoassay

“…7 (ii) The labeling process of the signal to the antibody for probe preparation is random adsorption or complicated cross-linking, which may hinder or destroy the active site of the antibody and impair the ability of the antibody to recognize the target, thus considerably limiting repeatability. 8 (iii) Physical and chemical environments, such as inorganic ions, organic solvents, pH and temperature, are other obstacles to the binding affinity of Ab; therefore, the environment needs to be carefully controlled and adjusted to preserve the Ab recognition capability. 9,10 To alleviate the above problems, we have proposed some solutions, as follows: (i) graphene nanosheets have drawn growing interest and are being applied in various elds.…”