Multifunctional all-optical signal processing scheme for wavelength-division-multiplexing multicast, wavelength conversion, format conversion, and all-optical encryption using hybrid modulation format exclusive-OR gates based on four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fiber

Abstract

A multifunctional optical signal processing scheme for 10-Gbaud quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signals based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is proposed. Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) multicast, wavelength conversion, modulation format conversion, and hybrid modulation format exclusive-OR (HMF-XOR) logic gates are realized simultaneously by simulation. One-to-three WDM multicast of 20-Gbps QPSK signals are achieved paying the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) penalties <0.8 dB at the bit error rate (BER) of 10. The converted BPSK signals with high performance are obtained; they are generated from wavelength conversion of 10-Gbps BPSK and format conversion from 20-Gpbs QPSK. In the case of HFM-XOR logic gates, we discuss the extension application in all-optical encryption. Therefore, both theoretical analysis and simulation results are conducted to analyze the feasibility of the dual-channel all-optical encryption for QPSK and BPSK signals. The OSNR penalties of decrypted QPSK and BPSK signals at the BER of 10 are 1 dB and 0.7 dB, respectively. The concentrated constellations and clear eye diagrams indicate the high performance of decrypted signals.

All optical multi‐functional signal processing scheme for D8PSK and DQPSK format using four‐wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers

“…Therefore, new frequency components are generated at the SOA output. The electric field can be expressed as 24 : where , , and () refer to the electric field amplitude, angular frequency, and phase of the input light wave, respectively, and refers to the FWM conversion efficiency. To facilitate the analysis, the newly generated frequency component signal is expressed as with the frequency , and the phase .…”

“…As mentioned above, in most literature, each all‐optical signal processing function is demonstrated separately. It is necessary for multi‐functional optical processing units to perform multiple optical signal processing functions simultaneously in flexible optical networks, and there have been a few reports 21–25 . Multi‐functional optical processing units have better integration and can enhance the flexibility and scalability of the optical network, and thus attracted much attention from researchers.…”

“…In Reference 23, a multifunctional optical switching unit based on the bidirectional liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) and SOA architecture is proposed, and add/drop, wavelength conversion, format conversion, and wavelength‐division‐multiplexing (WDM) multicast are experimentally demonstrated. In Reference 24, WDM multicast, wavelength conversion, modulation format conversion, and hybrid modulation format exclusive‐OR, based on FWM in highly nonlinear fiber, are realized simultaneously by simulation. In Reference 25, all‐optical switching and multiple logic gates are experimentally demonstrated using hybrid square‐rectangular lasers.…”

All-Optical QPSK Pattern Recognition in High-Speed Optoelectronic Firewalls

“…However, the optical layer is also vulnerable to attack by tapping [1]- [3], listening to the residual adjacent channel crosstalk [2], in-band jamming, and out-of-band crosstalk [3] without any destruction of the communication systems. For decades, the ceaseless pursuit of balancing the contradiction between large capacity and high security in the optical layer never stops, resulting in plenty of technologies such as encryption using all-optical logic gates [4], optical steganography [5], chaotic laser [6], optoelectronic firewall [7], and other passive or active approaches to cope with the security threats of the optical layer. As an active method to guarantee security, the optoelectronic firewall technology can eliminate some classes of insidious and malicious traffic, only allowing wanted traffic to transmit.…”

All-optical matching structure for multi-order modulation formats

“…2 The physical layer of an optical network is vulnerable to a variety of attacks, including jamming, physical infrastructure attacks, eavesdropping, and interception. Some examples of specific research directions for securing optical networks at the optical layer include devising all-optical logic for encryption, 3 optical steganography, 4 and chaotic laser. 5 The existing security measures mainly apply to the security of optical transmission channels and signals, without paying attention to the security of the information contained in the optical signals.…”