All-Optical QPSK Pattern Recognition in High-Speed Optoelectronic Firewalls

Zhang, Qihan; Gong, Xiaoxue

doi:10.1109/jphot.2023.3243896

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Figures [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] show the matching results for QPSK, 8PSK, and 16QAM signals. Unlike BPSK signals, the signals in higher order modulation formats show some intermediate states after passing through the coupler, not just zero and non-zero states.…”

Section: Simulation and Analysis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tang et al 13 proposed a matching structure that uses HNLF instead of SOA, and the results show that signals with rates up to 100 Gbps can be matched. Zhang et al 14,15 implemented the matching of arbitrary target patterns for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals at 100 GBaud rate. However, all of the above-mentioned matching structures are only applicable to one single modulation format.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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All-optical matching structure for multi-order modulation formats

Shi,

Li,

Shi

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

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.With the development and popularity of the Internet, network security has become a popular topic. The traditional solution for screening the security of network information is to convert the signal transmitted in the optical fiber into an electrical signal through an optical conversion. Then we perform symbol matching within the electronic firewall to determine whether the signal is a risk. However, due to the limitation of carrier recovery time in the semiconductor, the photoelectric converter cannot handle signals with too high rate, and it also causes a large power consumption. To improve the efficiency and scalability of signal matching, we propose an all-optical matching structure. This structure can identify the position of the target sequence in the input data sequence in the all-optical environment, and the structure is suitable for any amplitude and phase modulation format. The matching result of each bit of the target sequence and input data sequence is obtained by phase delay and interference. Then the matching result of each bit of the target sequence and input data sequence is integrated by logic AND gate, regenerator, and delay line. Finally, the matching result between the whole target sequence and the input data sequence is obtained. This structure can avoid photoelectric transformation and processes the signal directly at the optical domain, which greatly reduces the consumption of time and energy. We use VPItransmissionMaker software to simulate and verify the structure. The length of the input signal during the simulation is 8 bits, the length of the target signal is 4 bits, and the transmission rate of the signal is 100 GBaud. We simulated the binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 8-phase shift keying (8PSK), and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) modulation formats and analyzed the noise performance of the system. The results show that the structure can achieve all-optical matching of high-speed optical signals in BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, and 16QAM modulation formats and has good anti-noise performance.

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Section: Simulation and Analysis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-optical matching structure for multi-order modulation formats

Shi,

Li,

Shi

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

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show abstract

“…Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve a processing rate of 40 Gb/s per second, and the recognition delay is less than 25 ns [23] . At present, compared with foreign countries, the technology of optical layer firewall, in terms of technical application, has the defects of insufficient research on hardware and software of key supporting facilities, such as the digital unit of architecture control and software development.…”

Section: Technology Trend 21 Comparative Analysis Of Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Brief analysis on the development of physical security technology in optical network

DU,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

Advanced Fiber Laser Conference (AFL2023)

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Optical network has the characteristics of high speed, large capacity, long distance, and no electromagnetic interference. It is widely used in global information network. More than 90% of the world's information is transmitted through optical network, and has become an important strategic infrastructure of modern information society. Optical network physical layer security is one of the important indicators of optical network communication quality. It represents the ability of the optical network physical layer information to resist human interception and attacks. This paper summarizes the development of physical layer security technology of optical network, including physical layer security system of optical network, optical information protection and optical layer firewall, analyzes the development trend of the technology, and puts forward some suggestions on the development of physical layer security technology of optical network from the perspective of long-term development strategy and recent development focus.

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“…The training dataset of the ES-DPRWR network consisted of 100 000 feature images for point-source SHWFS images and 299 corresponding Zernike modal coefficients that conform to D/r 0 = 24. The simulation principle and steps of the point-source SHWFS images have been described in previous research work (Zhang & Guo 2023). The parameters of the SHWFS used in this simulation experiment are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Feature Images and Simulation Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a deep-phase-retrieval wavefront reconstruction (DPRWR) method was proposed by our group in a previous work, and utilizes convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and full connection layers to establish a mapping between point-source SHWFS spot images and Zernike modal coefficients (Guo et al 2022a). Experiments confirmed that Zernike modal coefficients for two to six times the number of sub-apertures can be measured by DPRWR with high precision (Zhang & Guo 2023). Compared with the slope-based method, in which the number of Zernike modal coefficients at most achieve 0.6-0.8 times the number of sub-apertures (Rao et al 2016;Denker et al 2007), the spatial resolution and measurement accuracy in DPRWR have been greatly improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Extended scene deep-phase-retrieval Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors

Zhang,

Rao

et al. 2024

A&A

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Strong atmospheric turbulence has been a challenge for high-resolution imaging of solar telescopes. Adaptive optics (AO) systems are capable of improving the quality of imaging by correcting partial aberrations. Thus, the performance of Shack-Hartmann sensors in measuring aberrations generally determines the upper performance bound of AO systems. In solar AO, classic correlation Shack-Hartmann sensors only correct a small number of modal aberrations. Moreover, strong aberrations are difficult to measure stably by correlation Shack-Hartmann. In this context, the improvement in the performance of Shark-Hartmann sensors promises to enable higher-resolution imaging of extended objects for ground-based telescopes or Earth observation. We propose a new extended scene deep-phase-retrieval Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing approach to improve the image quality of solar telescopes. It is capable of achieving high-accuracy measurements of high-spatial-resolution wavefronts on extended scene wavefront sensing. Moreover, it has great generalization when observing unknown objects from different fields of view of the telescope. Our proposed approach can extract features resembling the sub-aperture point spread function (PSF) from a Shack-Hartmann sensor image without any prior information. Then a convolutional neural network is used to establish a nonlinear mapping between the feature image and the wavefront modal coefficients. The extracted feature greatly eliminates the shape information of the extended object while maintaining more information related to aberrations. We verified the performance of the proposed method through simulations and experiments. In the indoor experiment on the ground layer adaptive optics (GLAO) of the 1 m New Vacuum Solar Telescope, compared to the Shack-Hartmann correlation method, the proposed method reduces the correction errors by more than one third. When observing objects from different fields of view in the GLAO that differ from the object in the training data, the relative errors fluctuate within the range of 20<!PCT!> to 26<!PCT!>. The AO system with the proposed wavefront measurement method can obtain higher-resolution focal images of the simulated solar granulation after a round of offline correction. The average latency of the proposed method is about 0.6 ms.

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All-Optical QPSK Pattern Recognition in High-Speed Optoelectronic Firewalls

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

All-optical matching structure for multi-order modulation formats

All-optical matching structure for multi-order modulation formats

Brief analysis on the development of physical security technology in optical network

Extended scene deep-phase-retrieval Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors

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