Multifunctional 1D Nanostructures toward Future Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Due to the unique properties which are considerably different from macro‐scale or bulk materials, 1D) nanostructures have received great interests. In particular, they have greatly contributed to building next‐generation batteries by providing beneficial features such as short ion/electron pathways, structural versatility (i.e., formation of 3D current collectors, free‐standing electrodes, and separators), and excellent stress relaxation. Owing to these definite advantages, 1D nanostructure is often followed by discovery of new electrode materials. This review provides a systematic overview of the state‐of‐the‐art research progresses on 1D nanostructures, which are extensively used for rechargeable batteries. Specifically, a brief introduction of some important 1D nanostructuring methods is started and then, in situ structural characterizations using 1D nanostructures are summarized, which allow a great step forward in atomic‐scale monitoring of reaction kinetics and observing dynamic structural evolution of electrode materials. 1D nanstructuring in solid‐state electrolytes and stabilization of metal anodes are also highlighted which are not only substantially important in current research trends for future batteries but also rarely discussed in previous reviews. At the end, critical perspective and future research direction of 1D nanoengineering for future batteries are suggested.

Toward thin and stable anodes for practical lithium metal batteries: A review, strategies, and perspectives

“…As discussed in the introduction, current LIBs are reaching their theoretical limit in terms of energy density. 111,112 As such, the more energy-dense Li metal is being considered as a "holy grail" anode material for the next generation of rechargeable batteries. However, despite promising developments in stabilizing the LMAs, there are still significant challenges to overcome before LMBs can be used for consumer electronics or large-scale operations in any practical capacity.…”

“…158,159 However, as Zn dendrites can easily pierce through separators due to its high Young's modulus compared to Li and Na, the dendrite growth issue is a much greater challenge in Znmetal batteries. 111 This property makes it easier for the metal to short-circuit, orphan, and cause cell death. Additionally, developing a more stable and thinner Zn metal that maximizes the utilization is important for further advancement of Zn-based batteries.…”

Fabrication Approaches of Soft Electronics

“…The conductive material can be classified as 0-dimensional (0D, NPs), ,− one-dimensional (1D, NWs), − two-dimensional (2D, graphene sheets, metallic nanoflakes), − and three-dimensional (3D, microparticles). − …”

Solutions to the Challenges of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by Carbon Nanotubes

“…More importantly, the above-mentioned unique structural, electrical, and mechanical properties and the impressive stability of CNTs can be effectively exploited and integrated into practical systems owing to the feasible preparation of CNTs with different macroscale architectures (including 1D fibers, 2D films, and 3D foams/aerogels). Therefore, CNTs and their composites have already been utilized in some components in rechargeable batteries, such as electrodes, [18] separators, [19] and current collectors. [20] Recent advances in integrating CNTs (more generally, nanocarbons, including graphene and its derivatives) into some specific components of LSBs have been well-discussed in several review articles.…”