Multifrequency lidar sounding of air pollution by particulate matter with separation into respirable fractions

Lisenko, S. A.; Kugeiko, M. M.; Khomich, V. V.

doi:10.1134/s1024856016030106

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Compared to polarization lidars at other wavelengths, the 1.5 μm polarization lidar has some outstanding merits. It allows the detection of large particle aerosols, which is important for PM10 analysis in polluted atmosphere [21]. The daytime measurement is allowed, since the background signal from the sky at 1.5 μm is weaker than that at visible wavelengths.…”

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confidence: 99%

Micro-pulse polarization lidar at 15 μm using a single superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Qiu¹,

Xia²,

Shangguan³

et al. 2017

Opt. Lett.

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An all-fiber, eye-safe and micro-pulse polarization lidar is demonstrated with a polarization-maintaining structure, incorporating a single superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) at 1.5 μm. The time-division multiplexing technique is used to achieve a calibration-free optical layout. A single piece of detector is used to detect the backscatter signals at two orthogonal states in an alternative sequence. Thus, regular calibration of the two detectors in traditional polarization lidars is avoided. The signal-to-noise ratio of the lidar is guaranteed by using an SNSPD, providing high detection efficiency and low dark count noise. The linear depolarization ratio (LDR) of the urban aerosol is observed horizontally over 48 h in Hefei [N31°50'37'', E117°15'54''], when a heavy air pollution is spreading from the north to the central east of China. Phenomena of LDR bursts are detected at a location where a building is under construction. The lidar results show good agreement with the data detected from a sun photometer, a 532 nm visibility lidar, and the weather forecast information.

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confidence: 99%

Micro-pulse polarization lidar at 15 μm using a single superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Qiu¹,

Xia²,

Shangguan³

et al. 2017

Opt. Lett.

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“…Compared with ultraviolet (UV) and Visible systems, 1.5 µm aerosol lidars offer several advantages, including higher maximum permissible exposure to human eyes, lower atmospheric attenuation, minor disturbance from Rayleigh scattering, and weaker sky radiance. For instance, when using a multifrequency lidar for retrieving the spatial distribution of respirable fractions of aerosol in the lower atmosphere, 1.5 µm aerosol lidars provide more reliable concentration estimates of coarse aerosol particles [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Fully integrated free-running InGaAs/InP single-photon detector for accurate lidar applications

Shangguan

Xia

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We present a fully integrated InGaAs/InP negative feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) based free-running single-photon detector (SPD) designed for accurate lidar applications. A freepiston Stirling cooler is used to cool down the NFAD with a large temperature range, and an active hold-off circuit implemented in a field programmable gate array is applied to further suppress the afterpulsing contribution. The key parameters of the free-running SPD including photon detection efficiency (PDE), dark count rate (DCR), afterpulse probability, and maximum count rate (MCR) are dedicatedly optimized for lidar application in practice. We then perform a field experiment using a Mie lidar system with 20 kHz pulse repetition frequency to compare the performance between the free-running InGaAs/InP SPD and a commercial superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD). Our detector exhibits good performance with 1.6 Mcps MCR (0.6 µs hold-off time), 10% PDE, 950 cps DCR, and 18% afterpulse probability over 50 µs period. Such performance is worse than the SNSPD with 60% PDE and 300 cps DCR. However, after performing a specific algorithm that we have developed for afterpulse and count rate corrections, the lidar system performance in terms of range-corrected signal (Pr 2 ) distribution using our SPD agrees very well with the result using the SNSPD, with only a relative error of ∼2%. Due to the advantages of low-cost and small size of InGaAs/InP NFADs, such detector provides a practical solution for accurate lidar applications.

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Adaptive inversion algorithm for 1.5μm visibility lidar incorporating in situ Angstrom wavelength exponent

Xiang¹,

Xia²,

Dou³

et al. 2018

Optics Communications

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As one of the most popular applications of lidar systems, the atmospheric visibility is defined to be inversely proportional to the atmospheric extinction coefficient at 0.55 µm. Since the laser at 1.5 µm shows the highest maximum permissible exposure in the wavelength ranging from 0.3 µm to 10 µm, the eye-safe 1.5 µm lidar can be deployed in urban areas. In such a case, the measured extinction coefficient at 1.5 µm should be converted to that at 0.55 µm for visibility retrieval. Although several models have been established since 1962, the accurate wavelength conversion remains a challenge. An adaptive inversion algorithm for 1.5 µm visibility lidar is proposed and demonstrated by using the in situ Angstrom wavelength exponent, which is derived from either a sun photometer or an aerosol spectrometer. The impact of the particle size distribution of atmospheric aerosols and the Rayleigh backscattering of atmospheric molecules are taken into account. In comparison, the Angstrom wavelength exponent derived from the sun photometer is 7.7% higher than that derived from the aerosol spectrometer. Then, using 1.5 µm visibility lidar, the visibility with a temporal resolution of 5 min is detected over 48 hours in Hefei (31.83 • N, 117.25 • E). The average visibility error between the new method and a visibility sensor (Vaisala, PWD52) is 5.2% with the R-square value of 0.96, while the relative error between another reference visibility lidar at 532 nm and the visibility sensor is 6.7% with the R-square value of 0.91. All results agree with each other well, demonstrating the accuracy and stability of the algorithm.

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Multifrequency lidar sounding of air pollution by particulate matter with separation into respirable fractions

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Micro-pulse polarization lidar at 15 μm using a single superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Micro-pulse polarization lidar at 15 μm using a single superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Fully integrated free-running InGaAs/InP single-photon detector for accurate lidar applications

Adaptive inversion algorithm for 1.5μm visibility lidar incorporating in situ Angstrom wavelength exponent

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