Multifocal phlyctenular conjunctivitis in association with pulmonary tuberculosis

Balyan, Monika; Malhotra, Chintan; Jain, Arun Kumar

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_1657_18

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…[ 1 – 3 , 12 ] According to recent publications, the most common extrapulmonary TB associated with PKC in children is tuberculous lymphadenitis. [ 12 – 18 ] To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a pediatric PKC case associated with definite primary sinonasal TB, confirmed by molecular diagnosis (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

A rare case of primary sinonasal tuberculosis presented with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in a pediatric patient

et al. 2021

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Rationale: Tuberculosis is a common cause of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, especially for patients who live in a high endemic area of tuberculosis. We report a rare case of pediatric phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis associated with primary sinonasal tuberculosis. Patient concerns: A 7-year-old boy presented with a 5-month history of redness of the left eye accompanied by mild visual impairment. Physical examination revealed elevated pinkish-white nodules with a circumcorneal hypervascularized lesion on the left conjunctiva. Diagnosis: Computed tomography revealed an enhancing soft tissue mass in the left maxillary sinus with bone destruction. Histopathology of maxillary tissue showed chronic inflammation without granuloma. Special stain, culture and polymerase chain reaction for mycobacterium were initially negative. Left maxillary sinus tuberculosis was diagnosed by positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded maxillary tissue. Interventions: Two month of oral isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, followed by 10 months of oral isoniazid and rifampicin without topical eye drops agent were prescribed. Outcomes: Two months after initiation of treatment, the phlyctenular lesion had significantly improved. A follow-up computed tomography showed a significant reduction in the size of the maxillary sinus lesion and the extent of adjacent bone destruction. Lessons: Primary sinonasal tuberculosis is an uncommon cause of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in children. When microbiological and histopathological evidences are absent, polymerase chain reaction analysis has a crucial role in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially in patient with uncommon presentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

A rare case of primary sinonasal tuberculosis presented with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in a pediatric patient

et al. 2021

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“…2 Tuberculosis is a common cause of PKC in TB endemic regions, but is a much less common cause in settings with a low prevalence of TB. 2,5,6 Other causes include staphylococcal species, fungal infections, viruses, and parasites. 2,4 The management of PKC is 2-fold: treatment of the ocular lesion and identification of underlying systemic causes and subsequent treatment if necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%