Purpose: In subretinal gene therapy for inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), blebs may not propagate predictably in the direction of the injection cannula. We evaluated factors that influenced bleb propagation among various IRDs. Methods: Retrospective review of all subretinal gene therapy procedures performed by a single surgeon between September 2018 and March 2020 for various IRDs. Main outcome measures were directional bias of bleb propagation and intraoperative foveal detachment. Results: Desired injection volumes and/or foveal treatment were successfully achieved in all 70 eyes of 46 patients with IRD regardless of IRD indication. Bullous foveal detachment was associated with retinotomy closer to the fovea, posterior bleb bias, and greater bleb volumes (P < 0.01). Blebs biased anteriorly or posteriorly based on disease indication (P = 0.04) and age (P < 0.001). Retinotomy location ≤ 3.7 mm (approximately two disk diameters) from the fovea favored foveal detachment (P < 0.001). Multiple retinotomies and blebs allowed greater surface area coverage in some eyes, but intersecting blebs did not propagate further. Conclusion: Bleb formation and propagation are predictable based on patient age, retinotomy location, disease indication, and how tangentially fluid is directed into the subretinal space.

Kunstoffe: A Collector’s Guide to German World War II Plastics and Their Markings Reviewed by: Jathan Clark W. Darrin Weaver. Atglen: Schiffer Military, 2008. ISBN 978-0-7643-2923-4. 176 pp., numerous col. & b. & w. illus. $40. Sniping Rifles in World War I Reviewed by: Mark Murray-Flutter Martin Pegler. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2022. ISBN 978-1-4728-5076-8. 80 pp., numerous col. and b. & w. illus. £14.99 (paperback). Gun Barons: The Weapons That Transformed America and the Men Who Invented Them Reviewed by: Tyler Berger John Bainbridge, Jr. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2022. ISBN 978-1-250-26686-6. 352 pp., 23 non-col. illus. $29.99 (hardcover).

[ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;52:682–683.]

Purpose: To evaluate if off-label Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) supplementation prevents visual and anatomical deterioration in non-proliferative Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 (IMT2). Patients and Methods: This is a single-center retrospective, comparative study of 82 IMT2 eyes treated with AREDS2 from January 1st, 2013 to January 1st, 2018. The study analysis consisted of a non-comparative arm, which included all AREDS2 eyes, and a comparative arm (27 AREDS2 and 42 untreated eyes) that only included eyes with complete follow-up data. Eyes were evaluated at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Better/worse eye subanalysis was performed in the comparative study arm. Primary outcomes were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) anatomical characteristics including largest cavitation diameter, central macular thickness (CMT), and length of ellipsoid zone (EZ) loss at 24 months. Results: In the non-comparative arm, AREDS2 eyes showed stable BCVA (0.28 ± 0.18 logMAR at baseline vs 0.26 ± 0.19 logMAR at 24 months; p = 0.35) and OCT anatomical features after 24 months of supplementation. In the comparative arm, BCVA mean difference was greater for untreated eyes at 24 months (−0.09 ± 0.15 vs 0.03 ± 0.11 logMAR; p = <0.001). AREDS2 eyes had decreased cavitary diameter and EZ loss compared to untreated eyes at the study endpoint (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). CMT remained stable for both cohorts throughout the study. For better/worse eye analysis, untreated eyes had worse BCVA at 24 months in both better and worse eyes (both p = 0.01). For anatomical outcomes, increases in both EZ loss (p = 0.04) and cavitary diameter (p = 0.001) among untreated eyes were only significant for eyes with worse baseline BCVA. Conclusion: Our results suggest that off-label AREDS2 supplementation in non-proliferative IMT2 may prevent anatomical and visual deterioration in a subset of eyes.

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