Multienzymatic Sucrose Conversion into Fructose and Gluconic Acid through Fed-Batch and Membrane-Continuous Processes

Abstract

Multienzymatic conversion of sucrose into fructose and gluconic acid was studied through fed-batch and continuous (in a membrane reactor) processes. The law of substrate addition (sucrose or glucose) for the fed-batch process which led to a yield superior to 80% was the decreasing linear type, whose feeding rate (ϕ; L/h) was calculated through the equation: ϕ = ϕ(o) - k.t, where ϕ(o) (initial feeding rate, L/h), k (linear addition constant, L/h (2)), and t (reaction time, h). In the continuous process, the yield of conversion of sucrose (Y) was superior to 70% under the following conditions: dilution rate = 0.33 h(-1), total duration of 15 h, pH 5.0, 37 °C and initial sucrose concentration of 64 g/L (Y = 92%), 100 g/L (Y = 83%), or 150 g/L (Y = 76%).

Application of Emerging Techniques in Reduction of the Sugar Content of Fruit Juice: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

“…The use of particular enzymes reduces the concentration of selected sugars in juices. Glucose can be converted into gluconic acid due to the use of two different enzymes: glucose oxidase and catalase [ 65 ]. Fructose can be converted into D-allulose (one of the rare sugars and a low-caloric sugar) by using D-allulose 3-epimerase [ 66 ] or into sorbitol by using a glucose-fructose oxidoreductase [ 67 , 68 ].…”

“…Applying specific enzymes can improve the efficiency and quality of food products with low costs by improving nutritional safety, reducing energy costs related to the process, and leading to process optimization [ 71 ]. Biotechnology processes catalyzed by enzymes are carried out under smooth pH and relatively low temperature, which is especially important in the case of sensitive substances, and they exhibit high stereochemical selectivity [ 65 ]. On the other hand, some of the enzymatic processes require preliminary steps: liquefaction, gelatinization, saccharification, and purification or hydrolysis of polysaccharides.…”

“…The advantage of multi-enzymes systems is that they reduce the demand for cost, time, and the chemicals used for product recovery. Moreover, it can maintain a minimum concentration of harmful or unstable compounds [ 65 , 77 , 86 ].…”

“…One of the multi-enzymatic systems is invertase, catalase, and glucose oxidase immobilized on a porous membrane. It can convert sucrose into gluconic acid and fructose [ 65 ] in fruit juices. Invertase, mainly from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker’s yeast), can produce inverted sugar—an equal mixture of fructose and glucose [ 87 , 88 ].…”

Enzyme production ofd-gluconic acid and glucose oxidase: successful tales of cascade reactions

“…This enzyme-powered device was successfully employed in Catalysis Science & Technology Mini review the autonomous and on-demand delivery of doxorubicin in HeLa cancer treatment. 307 Some studies reported the use of maltose and sucrose as substrates for D-gluconic acid production in batches using catalase to destroy the hydrogen peroxide 21,308,309 and using fed-batch, 310 continuous 311 and membrane-continuous 309,310 processes. In general, all processes were satisfactory, reaching high yields of conversion of maltose and sucrose to D-gluconic acid.…”