Multielement Determination of Major-to-Ultratrace Elements in Plant Reference Materials by ICP-AES/ICP-MS and Evaluation of Their Enrichment Factors

Abstract

The multielement determination of major-to-ultratrace elements in plant reference materials (SRM Pine Needles, SRM Tomato Leaves, and NIES Tea Leaves) was carried out by ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry) and ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The plant sample was decomposed with nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid in a Teflon beaker on a hot plate. The digest was dissolved in 1 M HNO3 solution, and then subjected to elemental analyses. As a consequence, the analytical data for about 40 elements including rare earth elements (REEs) were obtained over a wide concentration range, for example, from 49600 µg g −1 of Ca to 6.2 ng g −1 of Lu in Tomato Leaves. The enrichment factors, which were estimated by normalizing the observed concentrations of analyte elements in plant reference materials to their soil abundances, were evaluated in order to discuss the relative abundances of various elements between plants and soil. It was found that most of the elements, except for REEs in Pine Needles and Tea Leaves, were significantly accumulated in the plant reference materials. In particular, the essential elements (K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and P) for plant growth provided large enrichment factors.

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

“…Major elements (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) were analyzed at the ppm (mg/L) level with the detector operating in analogue mode only. While for the minor elements data were expressed as mg/Kg [22].…”

“…Major elements (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) were analyzed at the ppm (mg/L) level with the detector operating in analogue mode only. While for the minor elements data were expressed as mg/Kg [22].Acid and alkali pre-treatments: MSW (2 g) was added to 100 mL of either 1% H 2 SO 4 or 2% NaOH and autoclaved at 121°C for 30 min or …”

Multielement Determination and Speciation of Major-to-Trace Elements in Black Tea Leaves by ICP-AES and ICP-MS with the Aid of Size Exclusion Chromatography

“…Since the analytical figures of merit for the ICP-AES and ICP-MS measurements, as well as the analytical reliabilities of the present methods for plant sample digestion, were evaluated by analyzing various plant reference materials in previous papers, 20,24 only the analytical results for the total concentrations of 40 elements in the black tea leave samples are given in Table 2, where the concentration of each element was estimated on the dry-weight basis. It can be seen from Table 2 that black tea leaves contain diverse elements over a wide concentration range from major to ultratrace levels.…”

“…20,24 Therefore, the total concentrations for 40 elements in green tea leaves and tea leaves standard reference material (NIES No. 7) are also summarized in Table 3 for a comparison.…”

Major-to-Ultratrace Elements in Bone-Marrow Fluid as Determined by ICP-AES and ICP-MS

“…These analytical features allow us to determine the elements over a wide concentration range, i.e., major-to-ultratrace elements, in various geochemical, biological and environmental samples. 1,2 As for biological samples, the multielement determination of major-to-ultratrace elements in whole blood, blood serum, urine, hair, and organs as well as in plants has been performed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. 3,4 According to the recent progress in the biomedical research on trace elements, it has been elucidated that various biological or physiological functions of organs substantially depend on the kinds and concentration levels of the elements contained in cells and organs. 5 As a consequence, various trace elements are known as bio-essential elements, 6 when they play some essential roles related to biological or physiological functions.…”