“…Such cultures retain many morphological, pharmacological, and electrical properties of cortical networks in vivo (Dichter, 1978) and allow much more detailed observation and manipulation than intact brains, at the molecular, cellular, and network levels (Droge et al, 1986;Emery et al, 1991;Curtis et al, 1992;Wilkinson, 1993;Bove et al, 1994Bove et al, , 1997Rhoades et al, 1996;Canepari et al, 1997;Gross et al, 1997;Liu et al, 1997;Harsch et al, 1998;Honma et al, 1998;Jimbo et al, 1998Jimbo et al, , 1999Turrigiano, 1999;Harsch and Robinson, 2000;Zhu et al, 2000;Keefer et al, 2001;Streit et al, 2001;Shahaf and Marom, 2001;Corner et al, 2002).…”