Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi in India

Chitnis, V; Chitnis, DS; Verma, Sheetal; Hemvani, Nanda

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75549-5

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…However, resistance among Salmonella serovar Typhi isolates developed within a short period, with the first case being reported in 1992 from the United Kingdom (343). This was soon followed by similar reports from other countries, such as South Korea, India, and Vietnam (344,345). The first epidemic involving a fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella serovar Typhi isolate occurred in Tajikistan in 1997 (346).…”

Section: Development Of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Typhoidal Salmmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The first epidemic involving a fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella serovar Typhi isolate occurred in Tajikistan in 1997 (346). The same year, 60% of Salmonella serovar Typhi isolates in India displayed a MIC of Ն2 g/ml to ciprofloxacin (345). Similarly, an increase in Salmonella serovar Paratyphi A isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs of Ն2 g/ml was reported from New Delhi in 2000 (347), and a ciprofloxacin-resistant isolate with a MIC of 128 g/ml was isolated in Japan in 2002 (348).…”

Section: Development Of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Typhoidal Salmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. Microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica , initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has occurred more often in nontyphoidal than in typhoidal Salmonella strains. Azithromycin is effective for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever and may serve as an alternative oral drug in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is common. In 2013, CLSI lowered the ciprofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints to account for accumulating clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data suggesting that revision was needed for contemporary invasive Salmonella infections. Newly established CLSI guidelines for azithromycin and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were published in CLSI document M100 in 2015.

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Section: Development Of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Typhoidal Salmmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Development Of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Typhoidal Salmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

et al. 2015

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“…However, some Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains that exhibit decreased susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones have been already reported (2,7,13,21). Furthermore, several clinical treatment failures after the administration of ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones to patients with typhoid fever due to strains with decreased susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones have also been reported (17,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

DNA Sequence Analysis of DNA Gyrase and DNA Topoisomerase IV Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and Serovar Paratyphi A

Hirose

Hashimoto

Tamura

et al. 2002

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The mutations that are responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance in the gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and serovar Paratyphi A were investigated. The sequences of the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene in clinical isolates which showed decreased susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones had a single mutation at either the Ser-83 or the Asp-87 codon, and no mutations were found in the gyrB, parC, and parE genes.Fluoroquinolones have become the first-line drugs for the treatment of typhoid fever (3,12,18,23). However, some Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains that exhibit decreased susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones have been already reported (2,7,13,21). Furthermore, several clinical treatment failures after the administration of ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones to patients with typhoid fever due to strains with decreased susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones have also been reported (17, 21). The emergence and spread of these organisms have been reported in developing countries. There is evidence that the incidence of strains that are resistant to nalidixic acid and that exhibit decreased susceptibilities to the most recent fluoroquinolones used for the treatment of typhoid fever is increasing. In most strains, the acquired fluoroquinolone resistance was attributed to mutations in the genes encoding DNA gyrase (GyrA, GyrB) (10, 24-26) or DNA topoisomerase IV (ParC, ParE) (8, 9). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of quinolone resistance with mutations in the genes coding for gyrase and topoisomerase IV of S. enterica serovar Typhi and serovar Paratyphi A, which are especially clinically important serotypes of Salmonella spp.The bacterial strains used in this study were collected from regional public health offices in Japan between 1995 and 2001, and all isolates were obtained from a culture of either blood or stool from individual patients and identified by biochemical tests and serological tests on the basis of standard criteria. S. enterica serovar Typhi Ty2 and ATCC 19430 and S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A NCTC13, NCTC5702, and RIMD 1015 were used as reference and control strains (Tables 1 and 2). The MICs of several fluoroquinolones, including norfloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxa cin, and ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid were determined by the Etest (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden), according to the instructions of the manufacturer. The quality control strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 were included in each test. The criterion for ciprofloxacin resistance was an MIC of Ն4 g/ml, according to the NCCLS breakpoint criteria for members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The criterion for decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin that we used in this study was an MIC between Ն0.25 and Ͻ4 g/ml, and that for ciprofloxacin susceptibility was an MIC Ͻ0.25 g/ml (19,20). An attempt to increase the level of fluoroquinolone resistance was done by culturing the fluoroquinolone-susce...

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“…Fluoroquinolones have proven to be effective for the treatment of typhoid fever caused by MDR strain, and have become the drugs for the first line of treatment of typhoid fever (2,6). But some S. enterica serovar Typhi strains resistant to fluoroquinolones have already been reported (5,10,18). Further, several failures of clinical treatment of typhoid patients with ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones have also been reported (4,20,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and S. enterica Serovar Paratyphi A Isolated from Patients in Japan

Hirose

Tamura

Sagara³

et al. 2001

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The antibiotic susceptibilities of 62 strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and 37 strains of S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A were investigated with 18 antibiotics. Eighteen S. enterica serovar Typhi isolates and five S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, among which 10 S. enterica serovar Typhi isolates were nalidixic acid resistant and also showed decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

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Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi in India

Cited by 44 publications

References 1 publication

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

DNA Sequence Analysis of DNA Gyrase and DNA Topoisomerase IV Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and Serovar Paratyphi A

Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and S. enterica Serovar Paratyphi A Isolated from Patients in Japan

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