Antibiotic Susceptibilities of
            <i>Salmonella enterica</i>
            Serovar Typhi and
            <i>S. enterica</i>
            Serovar Paratyphi A Isolated from Patients in Japan

Hirose, Kenji; Tamura, Kazumichi; Sagara, Hiroko; Watanabe, Haruo

doi:10.1128/aac.45.3.956-958.2001

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Other researchers from India have reported incidences varying from 47% to 100% [13,18,19]. However, in developed countries, NARST incidence has been reported to be much lower (0%-17%) [17,20]. In our study, a single strain (0.6%) of S. Typhi was found resistant to ciprofloxacin at 4 μg/mL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Single 87 Asp→Asn substitution in gyrA of two NARST strains is a common association reported with NARST [3,12,20]. Nonetheless, the single mutations seen in a NARST isolate at 76 Asp→Asn were hitherto unknown [3,12,13,20]. However, there is a single report of 72 Phe→Tyr substitution in S. Seftefberg, in combination with 83 Ser→Phe [10].…”

Section: Table1 Agar Dilution Mic Of S Typhi To Ciprofloxacinmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Due to the paucity of sequencing data of isolates of S. Typhi clinically resistant to ciprofloxacin, such substitutions could not be compared; however, they may appear in future. Single 87 Asp→Asn substitution in gyrA of two NARST strains is a common association reported with NARST [3,12,20]. Nonetheless, the single mutations seen in a NARST isolate at 76 Asp→Asn were hitherto unknown [3,12,13,20].…”

Section: Table1 Agar Dilution Mic Of S Typhi To Ciprofloxacinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These types of gyrA mutations have not been observed previously in S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, other salmonellae or E. coli. [3,4,12,15,20,22,23]. Due to the paucity of sequencing data of isolates of S. Typhi clinically resistant to ciprofloxacin, such substitutions could not be compared; however, they may appear in future.…”

Section: Table1 Agar Dilution Mic Of S Typhi To Ciprofloxacinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salmonella enterica serovar typhi: molecular analysis of strains with decreased susceptibility and resistant to ciprofloxacin in india from 2001-2003

Capoor¹,

Nair²,

Aggarwal³

et al. 2007

Braz J Infect Dis

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Chromosomally-mediated reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin narrows the therapeutic options in enteric fever. We made a molecular comparison of clinical isolates of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi from January 2001 to May 2003; 178 isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the Kirby-Bauer method of disk diffusion, and agar dilution was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to ciprofloxacin. Nalidixic-acid resistant strains (NARST) were observed in 51% of the isolates, of which 98.9% had decreased susceptibility (MIC≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥0.125-1μ μ μ μ μg/mL) to ciprofloxacin. A single strain (4 μ μ μ μ μg/mL) was resistant to ciprofloxacin and double mutations were found in the gyrA gene (76 Asp→ → → → →Asn, 44 leu→ → → → →Ileu). Among seven NARST strains with reduced susceptibility, a single mutation was found in five strains, one of which had 76 Asp→ → → → →Asn and two each had mutations at 87 Asp→ → → → →Asn and 72 Phe→ → → → →Tyr, respectively); no mutations could be detected in two isolates. Routine antimicrobial surveillance, coupled with molecular analysis of fluoroquinolone resistance, is crucial for revision of enteric fever therapeutics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Table1 Agar Dilution Mic Of S Typhi To Ciprofloxacinmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Table1 Agar Dilution Mic Of S Typhi To Ciprofloxacinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Table1 Agar Dilution Mic Of S Typhi To Ciprofloxacinmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Salmonella enterica serovar typhi: molecular analysis of strains with decreased susceptibility and resistant to ciprofloxacin in india from 2001-2003

Capoor¹,

Nair²,

Aggarwal³

et al. 2007

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…Recently, fluoroquinolone has proven to be effective for the treatment of typhoid fever, which becomes the first-line drug for the treatment of typhoid fever (3,10,13,17). However, S. enterica serovar Typhi strains resistant to fluoroquinolones and with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones have been already reported (2,6,11,(14)(15)(16). Further, several clinical treatment failures with ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones to typhoid patients infected by the strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones have also been reported (12, 16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Method for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and Serovar Paratyphi A with Reduced Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones by PCR‐Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Hirose

Tamura

Watanabe

2003

Microbiology and Immunology

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Typhoid fever is sometimes a fatal infection to adults and children that causes bacteremia and inflammatory destruction of the intestine and other organs and requires the urgent treatment by the administration of appropriate antibiotics. Recently, fluoroquinolone has proven to be effective for the treatment of typhoid fever, which becomes the first-line drug for the treatment of typhoid fever (3,10,13,17). However, S. enterica serovar Typhi strains resistant to fluoroquinolones and with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones have been already reported (2,6,11,(14)(15)(16). Further, several clinical treatment failures with ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones to typhoid patients infected by the strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones have also been reported (12, 16). The emergence and spread of the strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones have been reported in several developing countries and also in Japan. The mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance have been well studied. Most of the acquired resistant phenotype were attributed to mutations in the genes encoding DNA gyrase (gyrA, gyrB) or DNA topoisomerase IV (parC, parE) (7)(8)(9)(18)(19)(20). The alterations at the codon Ser-83 and Asp-87 of GyrA are the most frequently found in the clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in S. enterica serovar Typhi and serovar Paratyphi A (1, 5). We previously reported that only gyrA mutations contribute to the fluoroquinolone resistance in S. enterica serovar Typhi and serovar Paratyphi A. Any gyrB, parC and parE mutations which are responsible for the fluoroquinolone resistance were not found in the clinical isolates of S. enterica serovar Typhi and serovar Paratyphi A in our previous study (5). The susceptibility test by diffusion with nalidixic acid disk is now employed for the screen of the strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. However, alternate DNA based method is required for the rapid screening for the strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. The purpose of this study is to develop more rapid screening method for the detection of fluoroquinolone resistant strains and the strain with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones than the ordinary culture method.The bacterial strains used in this study were collected from the regional public health offices in Japan and all isolates were obtained from either a blood culture or a stool culture of individual patients and identified by

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Social-economic factors and irrational antibiotic use as reasons for antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing common childhood infections in primary healthcare

2011

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The most prevalent childhood bacterial infections in primary healthcare are respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital infections. The main aim of this paper was to consider factors (socio-economic factors and irrational antibiotic use) that contribute to the development of bacterial resistance, as well as measures that resulted in a reduction of this problem. Computerized search through the Medline of published articles on antibiotic resistance from 1996 to 2011 in English or Serbian was completed in August 2011. Combinations of used terms were antimicrobial/antibacterial/antibiotic and resistance/susceptibility in pediatric/children, and Streptococcus pneumoniae/Streptococci/Haemophilus influenzae/Salmonellae/Escherichia coli/Shigella/Staphylococcus aureus as well as antibiotics/antimicrobials/antibacterials and consumption/utilization/use. In many developing countries, antibiotic dispensing and its use in medicine, cattle breeding and agriculture are inadequately regulated, or existing laws are not being appropriately implemented. In addition, human travel contributes to antimicrobial drug resistance around the world. All of these factors have led to a very high level of bacterial resistance. On the contrary, in countries with a clearly defined and implemented legal framework concerning antibiotic prescribing, dispensing and utilization, the use of antibiotics is under constant surveillance. That resulted in a significantly lower antibacterial resistance. In conclusion, bacterial resistance could be reduced by the implementation of systemic and long-term measures at a country level as well as at all levels of healthcare. In order to reduce bacterial resistance, antibiotic use needs to be precisely regulated, and regulations should be coherent with practice. The international community must have a more active role in solving this global problem.

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Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and S. enterica Serovar Paratyphi A Isolated from Patients in Japan

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Salmonella enterica serovar typhi: molecular analysis of strains with decreased susceptibility and resistant to ciprofloxacin in india from 2001-2003

Salmonella enterica serovar typhi: molecular analysis of strains with decreased susceptibility and resistant to ciprofloxacin in india from 2001-2003

Screening Method for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and Serovar Paratyphi A with Reduced Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones by PCR‐Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Social-economic factors and irrational antibiotic use as reasons for antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing common childhood infections in primary healthcare

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