Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa survey in a stream receiving effluents from ineffective wastewater hospital plants

Abstract

BackgroundMulti-drug resistant forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) are a major source of nosocomial infections and when discharged into streams and rivers from hospital wastewater treatment plants (HWWTP) they are known to be able to persist for extended periods. In the city of Manaus (Western Brazilian Amazon), the effluent of three HWWTPs feed into the urban Mindu stream which crosses the city from its rainforest source before draining into the Rio Negro. The stream is routinely used by Manaus residents for bathing and cleaning (of clothes as well as domestic utensils) and, during periods of flooding, can contaminate wells used for drinking water.Results16S rRNA metagenomic sequence analysis of 293 cloned PCR fragments, detected an abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) at the stream’s Rio Negro drainage site, but failed to detect it at the stream’s source. An array of antimicrobial resistance profiles and resistance to all 14 tested antimicrobials was detected among P. aeruginosa cultures prepared from wastewater samples taken from water entering and being discharged from a Manaus HWWTP. Just one P. aeruginosa antimicrobial resistance profile, however, was detected from cultures made from Mindu stream isolates. Comparisons made between P. aeruginosa isolates’ genomic DNA restriction enzyme digest fingerprints, failed to determine if any of the P. aeruginosa found in the Mindu stream were of HWWTP origin, but suggested that Mindu stream P. aeruginosa are from diverse origins. Culturing experiments also showed that P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and the extent of biofilm formation produced were both significantly higher in multi drug resistant forms of P. aeruginosa.ConclusionsOur results show that a diverse range of MDRPA are being discharged in an urban stream from a HWWTP in Manaus and that P. aeruginosa strains with ampicillin and amikacin can persist well within it.

Detection of Multidrug-Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria from Hospital Sewage in North East, Nigeria

“…In this study, other isolates that exhibited multidrug resistance are P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae (70% each), S. enteric (60%), C. fruendii (50%), and Vibro cholera (40%). Interestingly, the resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa (70%) in this study, is in agreement with other reports [17, [46][47][48]. In contrast, Elmanama et.…”

The impact of on-site hospital wastewater treatment on the downstream communal wastewater system in terms of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes

“…Similarly, absolute ARG concentrations (meaning: ARG concentrations per mL sample) which significantly differed from each other between HWW and CWW samples showed between 0.8 and 2.3-fold increase in HWW samples (SI Fig.SB9). The higher ARG pollution of HWWs suggests higher incidences of AR and can potentially suggest multi-drug-resistant bacteria, as has been found previously in several studies (Amador et al, 2015;Magalhães et al, 2016;Vaz-Moreira et al, 2015) or a larger proportion of resistant organisms compared to CWW.…”

Antibiogram profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from some selected hospital environmental drains

“…In our recent publication, Igbinosa et al [4] reported that PCR amplification of P. aeruginosa is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of Pseudomonas strains isolated from environmental samples in Benin City, Nigeria. Magalhães et al [14] described hospital wastewater as a mixture of effluents emanating from different services: kitchen, internal laundry, heating and cooling systems, laboratories, radiology department, outpatients department, transfusion centres and wards.…”

“…Magalhães et al [14] reported that approximately one quarter of the total antibiotics used in human therapy are administered in hospitals. Hospital wastewater therefore represented a significant contributor to the total load of these antibiotics in municipal wastewater [29].…”

“…P. aeruginosa have been isolated from adult bacterial meningitis with underlying disease in Tokyo, Japan [9], a tertiary care teaching hospital, India [1], a 5-year surveillance of wound infections in Okada, Edo State [10], from ear, nose and throat among patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria [11], a tertiary care hospital of Jhalawar District, India [12], and sinks in the patient rooms and a retrospective case-control study in Germany [13]. In addition, studies on the influence of hospital waste water discharge and its potential microbial hazards have been investigated in Brazil [14], and increasing frequency of P. aeruginosa infections in Turkey was also investigated [15]. In this paper, we report on the characterization of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa from hospital drains, as part of our larger study on the reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants in the environment.…”