Detection of Multidrug-Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria from Hospital Sewage in North East, Nigeria

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is on the verge of becoming top killer globally if left unattended in few decades to come.Much focus has been on clinical use and misuse of antibiotics and non-therapeutic applications in agriculture are blamed for the emergence of resistance. However, the rising incident of environmental spread of antibiotic is a major public health concern. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of gram-negative bacteria from hospitals sewage and evaluate the multi-drug resistant pattern of the isolates in the study area. Sample from five government's hospitals in Damaturu, Northern Nigeria were collected. The bacteria were quantified using pour plating method; colonies were counted and further characterized by morphological and biochemical characteristics using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by Kirby-Baur disc diffusion method. A total of 1377 gram-negative isolates were identified;

Detection of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the hospital and non-hospital wastewater sources of a small town in Noakhali, Bangladesh

“…A study from another developing country, Nigeria, also reported that bacterial genera, E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Shigella were the most frequently distributed isolates in wastewater [7]. On the other hand, the most frequent MAR bacteria found in this study were S. aureus (20%), E. coli (20%), Enterobacter spp.…”

“…Hospitals are the source of ARB, but it has been reported that these are potentially passed down to the community by the colonized patient and through hospital waste disposal facilities, especially wastewater [6,7]. Several reports have been focused on that Gram-negative isolates are frequently recovered from hospital wastewater among all pathogens and showed multidrug resistance [6,8,9].…”

Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Pathogens in Potable Spring Water of Eastern Indian Himalayas: Emphasis on Virulence Gene and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli

“…However, Morganella morganii isolates from Sikkim did not show any resistance to chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistant Morganella morganii (5.59%) was reported from Nigerian hospital wastes ( Mustapha and Imir, 2019 ). Cephalosporin (0.50%) and ciprofloxacin (0.50%) resistant Morganella morganii were reported from a healthy community of Chandigarh, India (0.50%) ( Monica et al, 2018 ).…”

Environmental contribution to antimicrobial resistance: A largely ignored global health issue

“…Hence, such an environment can be a pool of bacteria and resistant genes [84]. Here, hospital sewage that is discharged from an area can allow exchange between different bacterial populations [85]. The study reported high multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria with high multiple antibiotic-resistant indexes (MARI) in hospital wastewater in Nigeria [85].…”

“…Here, hospital sewage that is discharged from an area can allow exchange between different bacterial populations [85]. The study reported high multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria with high multiple antibiotic-resistant indexes (MARI) in hospital wastewater in Nigeria [85]. Furthermore, discharge from health institutions into larger water receiving bodies may lead to the further spread of antibiotic resistance [67].…”