Multidrug resistant proteins: P-glycoprotein and lung resistance protein expression in retinoblastoma

Krishnakumar, Subramanian; Kandalam, Mallikarjuna; Desai, Neil; Muthialu, A; Venkatesan, Narayanan; Sundaram, A; Khetan, Vikas; Shanmugam, Mahesh P

doi:10.1136/bjo.2004.047928

Cited by 52 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…The expressions of P-gp and MRP-1 do not seem to be induced by chemotherapy and are not related to the degree of tumor invasion, as previously considered [20,21].…”

Section: Multidrug Resistance Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 60%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Molecular biology of retinoblastoma

Álvarez

2008

Clin Transl Oncol

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Retinoblastoma (Rb), the most common intraocular tumor in childhood, is caused by the loss of function of both retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1 or Rb1) alleles. In 1971, Alfred Knudson proposed his "two-hit" theory based upon empiric observations of the clinical genetics of Rb, revealing the role of tumor-suppressor genes in human cancer. Knudson proposed that: "In the dominant inherited form of Rb, one mutation is inherited via germ line and the second occurs in somatic cells. In the nonhereditary form, both mutations occur in somatic cells." The Knudson hypothesis was validated later with the cloning of RB1, the first tumor-suppressor gene to be identified. A few years later, Harbour extended these findings to small-cell lung cancer, showing that the RB1 locus was disrupted in tumors other than Rb and osteosarcoma. Since then, it has been found that most, if not all, tumors have defects in their RB1 pathway through genetic lesions in the RB1 gene itself or other genes in the pathway. The history of Rb research highlights how basic research on a rare childhood cancer can have a much broader effect on a disease that affects millions of people each year worldwide.

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“…The expressions of P-gp and MRP-1 do not seem to be induced by chemotherapy and are not related to the degree of tumor invasion, as previously considered [20,21].…”

Section: Multidrug Resistance Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 60%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Molecular biology of retinoblastoma

Álvarez

2008

Clin Transl Oncol

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“…The expression was semiquantitatively assessed by estimating both the staining intensity and the percentage of positively stained cells. 21 The staining intensity was graded as + for bright staining, ± for dull staining, and -for absent staining. Three staining categories were established: negative (absent staining), heterogeneous (bright staining in ≤10% of tumor cells, and dull staining in >10% tumor cells), and positive (bright staining in >10% of the tumor cells).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor (IGF-1R), c-Fos, and c-Jun in Uveal Melanoma: An Immunohistochemical Study

Kandalam

Pushparaj

Biswas

et al. 2006

Current Eye Research

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The immunoreactivity of insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF-1R), c-Fos, and c-Jun by immunohistochemistry was studied in three groups of uveal melanomas and was correlated clinicopathologically. Immunoanalysis was correlated with cell types, largest tumor diameter, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, mitosis, nuclear grade, and extrascleral extension/liver metastasis. In group C (n = 6), tumors with liver metastasis showed higher expressions of IGF-1R (p = 0.0001), c-Fos (p = 0.004), and c-Jun (p = 0.018) compared with the tumors with no extension/extrascleral extension without liver metastasis (groups A-45 and B-9). Further studies are required to elucidate the role of sequential upregulation of these proteins and the transcriptional activity of c-Fos and c-Jun in uveal melanomas with liver metastasis

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“…All were subject to primary enucleation. In this cohort, 27 tumours had no invasion of choroid, optic nerve or orbit and 33 tumours had a positive invasion [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-drug Resistant Proteins Expression in Retinoblastoma in Primary Enucleated Eyes Versus Eyes Enucleated after Failure of Conservative Treatment

Salam¹,

Ismail²,

Ziko³

et al. 2017

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Objective: To compare expression of Multidrug-resistant protein 1/P-glycoprotein (MDR1/Pgp) in retinoblastoma in eyes treated by primary enucleation due to advanced tumor at initial presentation and those enucleated after being resistant to chemotherapy. Design and methods:A prospective non randomized masked analysis of pathology specimens obtained from twenty retinoblastoma patients presenting at the retinoblastoma clinic at ophthalmology department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Specimens from patients who had enucleation were divided into 2 groups. Patients in group 1 underwent primary enucleation due to advanced tumor at presentation. Patients in group 2 underwent secondary enucleation after failure of conservative treatment. Immuno histochemical studies were performed searching for expression of Multidrug-resistant protein 1/P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ Pgp) in the two groups. Patient demographic and eye examination data we collected and reviewed.Results: Analysis of the primary enucleation group showed high positive, low positive and negative expression in 1 (10%), 2 (20%) and 6 cases (70%) respectively. In secondary enucleation group 5 cases (50%), 3 cases (30%) and 2 cases (20%) showed high positive, low positive and negative expression respectively. Conclusion:This pilot study though, not being able to demonstrate statistical significance in MDR1 expression in primary enucleated vs. secondary enucleated resistant cases, demonstrated p value low enough to indicate a trend for more MDR1 expression in resistant cases (p=0.068). Further study with a larger sample size is warranted.

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Multidrug resistant proteins: P-glycoprotein and lung resistance protein expression in retinoblastoma

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Molecular biology of retinoblastoma

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Molecular biology of retinoblastoma

Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor (IGF-1R), c-Fos, and c-Jun in Uveal Melanoma: An Immunohistochemical Study

Multi-drug Resistant Proteins Expression in Retinoblastoma in Primary Enucleated Eyes Versus Eyes Enucleated after Failure of Conservative Treatment

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