Background: Asthma and wheezes are the most common acute and chronic diseases in childhood. Early detection and good management of asthma is very important to reduce the risk and improve the health status of the diseased children. Aim of Study: Is estimation of asthma prevalence among school-aged children at Elmaraghah Center in Sohag Governorate, also to identify the role of different risk factors associated in aetiology of asthma. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional survey study, was conducted on 1796 children, (897 males and 899 females) from six to twelve years old in public primary schools in Elmaraghah center in Sohag governorate, all patient groups were exposed to questionnaire adopted from (ISAAC). Results: The prevalence of asthma between children included in the current study was (12.5%). Atopic dermatitis, food allergy, drug allergy, passive smoking and family history were related to high prevalence of bronchial asthma. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma was 12.5%, and allergy to food and drugs is the most important risk factor of bronchial asthma.
Objective: To compare expression of Multidrug-resistant protein 1/P-glycoprotein (MDR1/Pgp) in retinoblastoma in eyes treated by primary enucleation due to advanced tumor at initial presentation and those enucleated after being resistant to chemotherapy.
Design and methods:A prospective non randomized masked analysis of pathology specimens obtained from twenty retinoblastoma patients presenting at the retinoblastoma clinic at ophthalmology department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Specimens from patients who had enucleation were divided into 2 groups. Patients in group 1 underwent primary enucleation due to advanced tumor at presentation. Patients in group 2 underwent secondary enucleation after failure of conservative treatment. Immuno histochemical studies were performed searching for expression of Multidrug-resistant protein 1/P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ Pgp) in the two groups. Patient demographic and eye examination data we collected and reviewed.Results: Analysis of the primary enucleation group showed high positive, low positive and negative expression in 1 (10%), 2 (20%) and 6 cases (70%) respectively. In secondary enucleation group 5 cases (50%), 3 cases (30%) and 2 cases (20%) showed high positive, low positive and negative expression respectively.
Conclusion:This pilot study though, not being able to demonstrate statistical significance in MDR1 expression in primary enucleated vs. secondary enucleated resistant cases, demonstrated p value low enough to indicate a trend for more MDR1 expression in resistant cases (p=0.068). Further study with a larger sample size is warranted.
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