Multidrug-resistant malaria and the impact of mass drug administration

Zuber, Janie Anne; Takala-Harrison, Shannon

doi:10.2147/idr.s123887

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Data show a stalling in declining burden of Plasmodium observed over the last decade (http://apps.who.int/iris/bits tream/10665/259492/1/9789241565523-eng.pdf?ua=1). In addition, the mass drug administration program has shown a limit due to the spreading of multidrug-resistant malaria [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apicomplexa and Histone Variants: What’s New?

Vanagas¹,

Contreras²,

Angel³

2020

Chromatin and Epigenetics

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Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii present a conserved nucleosome composition based on canonical H3 and variants, H4, canonical H2A and variants, and H2B. One-off, the phylum has also a variant H2B, named H2B.Z, which was shown to form a double variant nucleosome H2A.Z/H2B.Z. These histones also present conserved and unique post-translational modifications (PTMs). Histone variants have shown particular genomic localization and PTMs along euchromatin and heterochromatin, including telomereassociated sequences (TAS), suggesting fine-grained chromatin structure modulation. Several other nonhistone proteins present remarkable participation in controlling chromatin state, especially at TAS. Based on that, we discuss the role of epigenetics (PTMs and histone variants) in Plasmodium and Toxoplasma gene expression, replication, and DNA repair. We also discuss TAS structures and chromatin composition and its impact on antigenic variant expression in Plasmodium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apicomplexa and Histone Variants: What’s New?

Vanagas¹,

Contreras²,

Angel³

2020

Chromatin and Epigenetics

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“…The representative antimalarial chemotherapy, relying on artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT), primarily targets the infectious strains viz. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax (Lee & Penny, 2019; Newton, Caillet, & Guerin, 2016; Thu, Phyo, Landier, Parker, & Nosten, 2017; Wernsdorfer, 1991; Zuber & Harrison, 2018). However, the depleting susceptibility of the infectious strains to artemisinin, and the eventual resistance to the partner drugs led to a systemic failure of ACTs (Woodrow & White, 2017).…”

Section: Antiplasmodial Activity Of Hybrid Molecules Based On 135‐tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid molecules based on 1,3,5‐triazine as potential therapeutics: A focused review

Prasher

Sharma

Aljabali

et al. 2020

Drug Development Research

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Majority of the representative drugs customarily interact with multiple targets manifesting unintended side effects. In addition, drug resistance and over expression of the cellular efflux‐pumps render certain classes of drugs ineffective. With only a few innovative formulations in development, it is necessary to identify pharmacophores and novel strategies for creating new drugs. The conjugation of dissimilar pharmacophoric moieties to design hybrid molecules with an attractive therapeutic profile is an emerging paradigm in the contemporary drug development regime. The recent decade witnessed the remarkable biological potential of 1,3,5‐triazine framework in the development of various chemotherapeutics. The appending of the 1,3,5‐triazine nucleus to biologically relevant moieties has delivered exciting results. The present review focuses on 1,3,5‐triazine based hybrid molecules in the development of pharmaceuticals.

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“…Also, previous works have inferred that a potent treatment with ACTs plus primaquine (PQ) would eliminate P. vivax in low transmission settings by implementing programs of mass drug administration [ 41 – 43 ]. Nevertheless, P. vivax demonstrated an unstable elimination environment, when compared to P. falciparum [ 41 ], since PQ triggers an adverse effect to individuals affected by glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) questioning mass programs [ 40 , 44 ]. Previous works also indicated that the early development of gametocytes increases P. vivax incidence [ 40 , 45 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early transmission of sensitive strain slows down emergence of drug resistance in Plasmodium vivax

Ayala

Villela

2020

PLoS Comput Biol

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The spread of drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites is a challenge towards malaria elimination. P. falciparum has shown an early and severe drug resistance in comparison to P. vivax in various countries. In fact, P. vivax differs in its life cycle and treatment in various factors: development and duration of sexual parasite forms differ, symptoms severity are unequal, relapses present only in P. vivax cases and the Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is only mandatory in P. falciparum cases. We compared the spread of drug resistance for both species through two compartmental models using ordinary differential equations. The model structure describes how sensitive and resistant parasite strains infect a human population treated with antimalarials. We found that an early transmission,i.e., before treatment and low effectiveness of drug coverage, supports the prevalence of sensitive parasites delaying the emergence of resistant P. vivax. These results imply that earlier attention of both symptomatic cases and reservoirs of P. vivax are essential in controlling transmission but also accelerate the spread of drug resistance.

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Multidrug-resistant malaria and the impact of mass drug administration

Cited by 35 publications

References 66 publications

Apicomplexa and Histone Variants: What’s New?

Apicomplexa and Histone Variants: What’s New?

Hybrid molecules based on 1,3,5‐triazine as potential therapeutics: A focused review

Early transmission of sensitive strain slows down emergence of drug resistance in Plasmodium vivax

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