Multidrug-resistant enterobacteria colonize commercial day-old broiler chicks in Nigeria

Okorafor, Obianuju Nkiruka; Anyanwu, Madubuike Umunna; Nwafor, Emmanuel Onyeka; Anosa, GN; Udegbunam, Rita Ijeoma

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2019.418-423

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…It is important to highlight the high AMR obtained to CIP, NAL, AMP, SXT, AZM, and TMP in this study ( Koga et al., 2015 , Hussain et al., 2017 , Ayandiran et al., 2018 , EFSA and ECDC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Control), 2018 ). Slight variations in AMR rates among isolates in these studies could be because of the different analysis methods employed, the different management systems set up, level of AMR in hatcheries, and use of antibiotics in the study areas ( Okorafor et al., 2019 ). Specifically for AMP, TMP, and SXT, one hypothesis that could explain the results obtained in this study is that these antibiotics are permitted in Spain as therapeutic agents for bacterial infections, and as reported above for CST, they have been used as a growth promoter in animal production systems for several years ( PRAN, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results obtained in this study demonstrated the importance of AMR shedding from breeders to 1-day-old chicks. Several authors have shown that 1-day-old chicks are potential reservoirs of multiresistant enterobacteria obtained vertically from breeders ( Jiménez-Belenguer et al., 2016 , Projahn et al., 2017a , Projahn et al., 2017b , Okorafor et al., 2019 ). MDR bacteria could be transmitted through contaminated eggshells and/or from parent stock to hatchery ( Projahn et al., 2017a , Daehre et al., 2017 , Osman et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dynamic of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli throughout the growing period in broiler chickens: fast-growing vs. slow-growing breeds

et al. 2020

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important threat to public health worldwide. Furthermore, different studies have demonstrated a close association between antibiotic use in animal production and AMR in humans. It is well known that it is necessary to reduce antibiotic administration in farms by finding effective alternative treatments, using more resistant breeds and improving animal welfare. However, to be able to assess the alternatives proposed, it is essential to study the epidemiology of AMR under production conditions. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the AMR dynamic in 2 genetic poultry breeds during the growing period. The study was performed in 2 experimental poultry houses to simulate real production conditions, and no antibiotics were administered during the growing period. In addition, 2 poultry breeds were used, fast-growing and slow-growing. To evaluate AMR evolution, Escherichia coli was selected as indicator bacterium. To this end, animals from each experimental group were sampled at different times: on day of arrival, at mid-period, and at slaughter day. In the laboratory, cecal content was removed and inoculated in selective media. Then, biochemical tests were performed to confirm E. coli . Finally, antibiotic susceptibility was assessed according to Decision 2013/653. At the onset of the cycle, significant differences were observed between breeds, as the E. coli strains isolated from fast-growing 1-day-old-chicks showed higher AMR rates. However, at the end of the period, no significant differences were found between breeds and their presence of resistant bacteria (above 95%). Therefore, although no antibiotics were administered during the growing period, a high level of AMR at slaughter day was demonstrated. Further studies are necessary to determine the main risk factors that increase the level of AMR throughout the productive cycle in broiler chickens. In conclusion, it is important to highlight that although it is crucial to control both antibiotic use and animal welfare during the growing period, measures should be taken at all levels of the production chain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli throughout the growing period in broiler chickens: fast-growing vs. slow-growing breeds

et al. 2020

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“…This study demonstrated a relationship between AMR genes in breeders and those present in their progeny. Several studies have investigated the role of vertical transmission in resistant genes spreading ( Projahn et al., 2017a , 2017b ; Okorafor et al., 2019 ). Authors have studied how MDR bacteria and resistance genes in poultry could be transferred ( Borjesson et al., 2016 ; Daehre et al., 2017 ; Osman et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from poultry breeders and their progeny in Eastern Spain

et al. 2020

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Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. are recognized as a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans, with broiler meat being the most common source of human infection. Antibiotic therapy is usually necessary for severe or prolonged infections, especially in immunocompromised populations such as young or elderly individuals. However, different studies have demonstrated a close association between antibiotic use in animal production and antimicrobial resistance ( AMR ) in humans. In this sense, there is social pressure to reduce antibiotic administration and find adequate alternatives to control the presence of bacterial infections in farms. However, there is a lack of information related to Campylobacter AMR dynamics through the entire production system from breeders to their progeny. It is unknown if resistance genes are a result of adaptation through chromosomal mutation or through horizontal gene transfer, instead of vertical transmission of DNA from the parent to their progeny. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to assess the main AMR rates present in a poultry production system, to study the relationship between Campylobacter AMR profiles from breeders and their progeny, and to study the presence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in poultry production. Regarding AMR rates, ciprofloxacin was classified as extremely high, followed by nalidixic acid and tetracyclines that were classified as very high. Moreover, this study demonstrated a relationship between the AMR patterns and genes found from Campylobacter strains isolated in breeders and those present in their progeny.

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“…Poultry sell in wet markets usually come from intensive operations with a wide AMU. As a result, cases of 1-day old chickens harboring multidrug-resistant bacteria have been reported in LMICs [ 76 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 ].…”

Section: Potential Risk Of Antimicrobial Resistance Human Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Farming within Low-Resource Settings

Hedman

Vasco

Zhang

2020

Animals

130

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The emergence, spread, and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain a pressing global health issue. Animal husbandry, in particular poultry, makes up a substantial portion of the global antimicrobial use. Despite the growing body of research evaluating the AMR within industrial farming systems, there is a gap in understanding the emergence of bacterial resistance originating from poultry within resource-limited environments. As countries continue to transition from low- to middle income countries (LMICs), there will be an increased demand for quality sources of animal protein. Further promotion of intensive poultry farming could address issues of food security, but it may also increase risks of AMR exposure to poultry, other domestic animals, wildlife, and human populations. Given that intensively raised poultry can function as animal reservoirs for AMR, surveillance is needed to evaluate the impacts on humans, other animals, and the environment. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of poultry production within low-resource settings in order to inform future small-scale poultry farming development. Future research is needed in order to understand the full extent of the epidemiology and ecology of AMR in poultry within low-resource settings.

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Multidrug-resistant enterobacteria colonize commercial day-old broiler chicks in Nigeria

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

The dynamic of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli throughout the growing period in broiler chickens: fast-growing vs. slow-growing breeds

The dynamic of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli throughout the growing period in broiler chickens: fast-growing vs. slow-growing breeds

Genotyping and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from poultry breeders and their progeny in Eastern Spain

A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Farming within Low-Resource Settings

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