Multidisciplinary Analysis of Differences Between Finisher and Non-finisher Ultra-Endurance Mountain Athletes

Belinchón-deMiguel, Pedro; Tornero-Aguilera, José Francisco; Dalamitros, Athanasios A.; Nikolaïdis, Pantelis Theodoros; Rosemann, Thomas; Knechtle, Beat; Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01507

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…This fact could also negatively affect operative pace control, increasing the coefficient of variation in the running segment. In this line, and even athletes in these ultra-endurance probes showed large resilience and stable psychological profile [3]. The maintenance of high motivation in such big events is an important fact that could affect the pace control and performance, but future studies should control this variable to allow to a better compression of psychological and physiological patter related with success in this extreme sport events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Pacing and Performance Analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman

Sousa

Nikolaidis²,

Clemente-Suárez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The aim of the present case study was to analyse the performance data of the world’s best female ultra-triathlete setting a new world record in a Quintuple (5xIronman) and Deca Iron (10xIronman) ultra-triathlon, within and between race days, and between disciplines (cycling and running) and races (Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon). The subject was an elite female triathlete (52 kg, 169 cm) born in 1983. At the time of her world record in Quintuple Iron ultra-triathlon she had an age of 35 years and at the time of the world record in Deca Iron ultra-triathlon 36 years old. The distribution of time spent in each discipline and transitions was 8.48% in swimming, 51.67% cycling, 37.91% running, and 1.94% transitions. There was no difference between the race days of the average speed neither in cycling nor running. The running pace had a within-day variation larger than the cycling pace, and also varied more between race days. In conclusion, the world’s best female ultra-triathlete adopted a steady (even) pacing strategy for both cycling and running, without substantial variations within- or between race days, for both the world record in a Quintuple and a Deca Iron ultra-triathlon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Popular multi-day types of ultra-triathlon have taken place since 1985, where the athletes have to perform two to ten times the Ironman distance [1]. The large physical demands of extreme ultra-endurance events preclude large participations [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacing and Performance Analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman

Sousa

Nikolaidis²,

Clemente-Suárez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…There are some professions that elicit a large stress response, modifying the homeostasis of the natural organism. In professions such as the military, police, firefighting, and even among elite athletes, individuals frequently experience stress responses beyond the body’s natural limits [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. However, stress is not only present in these professions; medical personnel, drivers, journalists, and even teachers and students exhibit elevated stress levels as a result of their exposure to their work context [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Caregiver Burden in Informal Caregivers for the Elderly in Ecuador

Ruisoto¹,

Ramírez

Paladines-Costa

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Informal caregivers are the main providers of care for the elderly. The aim of this study is to examine the predictive value of different variables regarding caregivers and their elderly patients with respect to the caregiver’s burden. A convenience sample of 688 informal caregivers and 688 elderly people from Ecuador was surveyed. Only households with one caregiver and one elderly person were considered for the study. For informal caregivers, the following standardized measures were obtained: burden (Zarit Burden Interview), neuroticism (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated, EPQR-A), caregiver’s general health (GHQ-12), and social support (modified Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, FSSQ11). For the elderly, we employed standardized measures of cognitive function (short portable mental status questionnaire, SPMSQ), Pfeiffer’s test, and functional dependency (Barthel scale/Index, BI). Females were over-represented in caregiving and reported significantly higher burden levels than those of males. In both male and female caregivers, the burden was best predicted by the time of caring, neuroticism, and elderly cognitive impairment. However, some predictors of burden were weighted differently in males and females. The functional independence of the elderly was a significant predictor of burden for male caregivers but not females, while caregiver competence was a significant predictor for females but not males. These variables accounted for more than 88% of the variability in informal caregivers.

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“… Weir et al (2002) noted that master level women dedicated more time to endurance and technique training than their male counterparts, who spent more time focusing on swimming speed and power training. However, younger age group swimmers could be more motivated with a stronger resilience and more stable psychological profile with a better pace control than older ones ( Belinchón-deMiguel et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacing in World-Class Age Group Swimmers in 200 and 400 m Individual Medley

Moser

Sousa

Olher³

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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The present research investigated pacing for world-class age group swimmers competing in individual medley in 200 m and 400 m. Data on 3,242 unique finishers (1,475 women and 1,767 men) competing in four Master World Championships [XV FINA WMC held in Montreal (Canada) in 2014, the XVI FINA WMC held in Kazan (RUS) in 2015, the FINA WMC held in Budapest (HUN) in 2017, and the XVIII FINA WMC held in Gwangju (KOR] in 2019) were analyzed. Men were faster than women among all age groups in both 200 and 400 m. Additionally, differences were found between almost all adjacent age groups, with the exception (p > 0.05) of age groups 25–29 to 30–34, 35–39 to 40–44 years in 200 m races and 25–29 to 30–34, 30–34 to 35–39, 35–39 to 40–44, and 45–49 to 50–54 years in 400 m races. Men showed a higher pacing variation in 200 m among all male age groups and all female age groups up to 69 years. Pace-variation pairwise comparisons between men and women showed no consistencies throughout age groups, with the exception of a higher variation in men in age groups ≥55-year-old. Men were faster for all splits and strokes in both 200 and 400 m, and significant changes were identified for each split and stroke for both men and women in both 200 and 400 m. Front crawl (freestyle, 4th split) was the fastest butterfly (1st split), backstroke (2nd split), and breaststroke (3rd split). In summary, men were faster than women for all age groups in both 200 and 400 m. Men showed a higher pacing variation in 200 m in all age groups, where women had a higher variation in age groups up to 69 years. The fastest stroke for the final spurt was front crawl, followed by butterfly, backstroke, and breaststroke. Based on these findings, coaches should advise their master athletes to focus on the final spurt in both 200 and 400 m individual medley for a fast final race time.

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Multidisciplinary Analysis of Differences Between Finisher and Non-finisher Ultra-Endurance Mountain Athletes

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Pacing and Performance Analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman

Pacing and Performance Analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman

Predicting Caregiver Burden in Informal Caregivers for the Elderly in Ecuador

Pacing in World-Class Age Group Swimmers in 200 and 400 m Individual Medley

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