Pacing in World-Class Age Group Swimmers in 200 and 400 m Individual Medley

Abstract

The present research investigated pacing for world-class age group swimmers competing in individual medley in 200 m and 400 m. Data on 3,242 unique finishers (1,475 women and 1,767 men) competing in four Master World Championships [XV FINA WMC held in Montreal (Canada) in 2014, the XVI FINA WMC held in Kazan (RUS) in 2015, the FINA WMC held in Budapest (HUN) in 2017, and the XVIII FINA WMC held in Gwangju (KOR] in 2019) were analyzed. Men were faster than women among all age groups in both 200 and 400 m. Additionally, differences were found between almost all adjacent age groups, with the exception (p > 0.05) of age groups 25–29 to 30–34, 35–39 to 40–44 years in 200 m races and 25–29 to 30–34, 30–34 to 35–39, 35–39 to 40–44, and 45–49 to 50–54 years in 400 m races. Men showed a higher pacing variation in 200 m among all male age groups and all female age groups up to 69 years. Pace-variation pairwise comparisons between men and women showed no consistencies throughout age groups, with the exception of a higher variation in men in age groups ≥55-year-old. Men were faster for all splits and strokes in both 200 and 400 m, and significant changes were identified for each split and stroke for both men and women in both 200 and 400 m. Front crawl (freestyle, 4th split) was the fastest butterfly (1st split), backstroke (2nd split), and breaststroke (3rd split). In summary, men were faster than women for all age groups in both 200 and 400 m. Men showed a higher pacing variation in 200 m in all age groups, where women had a higher variation in age groups up to 69 years. The fastest stroke for the final spurt was front crawl, followed by butterfly, backstroke, and breaststroke. Based on these findings, coaches should advise their master athletes to focus on the final spurt in both 200 and 400 m individual medley for a fast final race time.

Contributions of each of the four swimming strokes to elite 200-400 individual medley swimming performance in short and long course competitions

“…Males tend to adopt a positive pacing strategy in an IM, swimming relatively faster in the first half of the race, whereas females start more conservatively adopting a negative pacing strategy and swimming relatively slower in the first half of the race. According to Moser et al (2021) , for both sexes, freestyle was the fastest stroke, followed by butterfly, backstroke, and breaststroke. Bearing this in mind, the analysis of pacing and the most influential strokes on the FINA score for IM swimmers in short and long course constitute a valuable information for coaches who train elite 200 m and 400 m IM swimmers.…”