Multidimensionality of internal versus external control: Addition of a third dimension and non-distinction of self versus others.

Abstract

Two separate dimensions called Fatalism and Social System Control (ssc) have been identified in recent research on I-E. The present studies were undertaken to examine whether subdimensions or other separate factors besides these two existed in I-E. It was found that contrary to previous interpretations Ss do not distinguish control of self from control of others within these two dimensions. Rather, the factor analytic data supported the interpretation that Fatalism and ssc differ only in terms of their "source" of control. The hypothesis that there Is a third dimension of I-E was supported. This dimension was identified as Self Control of one's impulses, desires, and emotions. Interpretation and implications for the application of these dimensions of I-E were discussed.

The relationship between mothers’ eating restraint and their children’s attitudes and behaviors

“…Employing Reid and Ware's (1974) multidimensional I-E Scale, Harding and Lachenmeyer (1986) reported support for this model by showing that 30-year-old anorexics were external. However, Strober (1982), who used Nowicki and Strickland's (1973) I-E Scale, found that adolescent anorexics demonstrated an internal locus of control.…”

Externalizing in preschoolers and early adolescents: A cross-study replication of a family model.

“…A 32-item multidimensional version of Rotter's scale of internal versus external locus of control (Reid & Ware, 1974) Couple Relationship: Study 2 Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). This 32-item scale assesses four basic components of marital adjustment: satisfaction, cohesion, consensus, and affectional expression.…”

Initial teacher training students' attitudes to use of information technology and individual locus of control

“…She also found evidence for a possible third dimension: control by oneself. This was confirmed by Reid & Ware (1974) who measured the locus of control of 167 university students and used factor analysis to reveal the same three dimensions. In the light of this research, Coovert & Goldstein (1980) carried out a second experiment with 65 subjects.…”