Multidimensional Simulation of the Two-Phase Flow Downstream of Spillways for Total Dissolved Gas Prediction

Prediction of Total Dissolved Gas Exchange at Hydropower Dams

“…Urban et al (2008) presented a model to predict TDG saturation just downstream of a spillway based on physical processes of mass transfer. The effects of bubble size distribution (Politano et al, (2007(Politano et al, ( , 2005(Politano et al, ( , 2003 and bubble volume and normal velocity fluctuation attenuation (Turan et al, 2007) have been studied to better understand and model air entrainment. Physically-based models have incorporated geometrical aspects of the dams such as stilling basin and river depths (Geldert et al, 1998), spillway configurations and flow parameters (Hibbs and Gulliver, 1997), upstream TDG concentration (Roesner and Norton, 1971), and flood discharge characteristics, such as water depths and pressures (Ran et al, 2009), to predict gas transfer and downstream TDG levels.…”