Multidimensional Raman spectroscopic signature of sweat and its potential application to forensic body fluid identification

Multidimensional Raman Spectroscopic Signatures as a Tool for Forensic Identification of Body Fluid Traces: A Review

“…The second strategy is to perform a baseline correction of the raw spectra before the statistical analysis and determination of the multidimensional signatures, which contain only Raman components. 46 Both strategies have their advantages. Prior baseline correction leaves only a highly informative Raman signal, whereas the incorporation of the less informative but still characteristic fluorescent backgrounds may increase the specificity of the multidimensional signature.…”

“…[17][18][19][20][21] The incontestable advantages of Raman spectroscopy have made this technology applicable to the analysis of drugs, [22][23][24][25] paints, 26,27 explosives, 19,28,29 pigments, 30 condom lubricants, 31,32 bones, 33 minerals, [34][35][36] art objects, 37 fingerprints, 23,25,38 and body fluids. 4,5,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] We recently proposed combining Raman spectroscopy with advanced statistical methods as a solution to the challenging problem of identifying body fluid stains. [40][41][42][43]46 The novelty of our approach lies in the application of multidimensional Raman spectroscopic signatures to the purpose of specimen identification.…”

“…4,5,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] We recently proposed combining Raman spectroscopy with advanced statistical methods as a solution to the challenging problem of identifying body fluid stains. [40][41][42][43]46 The novelty of our approach lies in the application of multidimensional Raman spectroscopic signatures to the purpose of specimen identification. Standard spectroscopic methods used for the identification of unknown samples are usually based on the detection of characteristic Raman bands in the recorded experimental spectrum or comparison of the experimental spectrum, as a whole, with spectra from a reference database.…”

Body Fluids and Spectroscopic Techniques in Forensics: A Perfect Match?

“…In outline, the representative Raman spectra of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, saliva and sweat have been proposed as shown in Figure 3, information about their chemical composition has been obtained from the study of their spectral bands and several studies proving the differentiation of these five body fluids based on their characteristic Raman signatures by using chemometrics have been published [33][34][35][36][37][38]. Moreover, multivariate classification models have been developed in order to identify and classify unknown fluids, even in mixtures [39][40][41].…”

“…For example, a large part of the studies were carried out by analysing samples of body fluids on glass slides or directly placed onto the instrument [25,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], which is an extremely unusual substrate in real cases. In addition, studies in which stains were prepared on different clothes such as cotton, polyester, acrylic or wool, exclusively correspond to blood [18][19][20][21][22][23]27,30,31] except for studies [24,26].…”