Multidimensional Ethno-racial Status in Contexts ofMestizaje: Ethno-racial Stratification in Contemporary Peru

Abstract

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Original Article AbstractIn this study, I define ethno-racial status as the combination of socially ranked ethnic and racial characteristics individually embodied by mestizos (Spanish for mixed-race individuals). I argue that these characteristics represent distinct dimensions of ethno-racial status-phenotype, ancestry, and self-identification-and should be considered together when analyzing ethno-racial inequality in contexts of mestizaje. Moreover, I interpret self-identification as exposure to pervasive beliefs that give meaning to local ethno-racial identities rather than explaining it as a central indicator of race. Using nationally representative data of Peru, the mestizaje research setting, I examine whether there are significant differences in educational attainment and household possessions by phenotype, ancestry, and selfidentification. I find that indigenous ancestry and darker skin colors are inversely associated with both socioeconomic outcomes. Moreover, white self-identification compared to mestizo is negatively associated with educational attainment but positively associated with household possessions. This approach unveils ethno-racial beliefs as instrumental in gaining socioeconomic advantages.Keywords multidimensionality of race/ethnicity, race and ethnicity in Latin America, mestizaje, ethno-racial inequality, Peru 1 The etymological meaning of mestizo is available at the online ver sion of the Real Academia Española dictionary (http://www.rae.es/). Mestizo is used in Spanish as a noun for mixedrace individuals; as an adjective for characteristics attributed to racially mixed individu als, animals, and plants; and for characteristics attributed to mixed cultures. Accordingly, I will use the term mestizo to refer to individu als and cultures as a noun (in singular and plural) and as an adjective (in singular and neutral masculine, taking into account that adjec tives in English do not have gender). I translated the three epigraphs.

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