Multidimensional carrierless AM/PM systems for digital subscriber loops

A Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) Modulation Format: Perspective and Prospect in Optical Transmission System

“…According to dimensionality theorem [5], with the symbol interval T, minimum bandwidth W and modulation dimensionality N: This shows that increment of dimensionality will increase the occupied signal bandwidth. On the other hand, the required sample/symbol ratio is linearly proportional to the number of dimensions [6]. This means the up-sampling factor must be increased to support an increased number of dimensions.…”

VCSEL-based DWDM PON with 4 bit/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency using Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation

“…Previous publication demonstrated 8 levels encoding CAP-64 [6], 3 orthogonal components 3D-CAP [7] and working with bit-rate up to 40 Gbps [4]. Figure 1 shows the setup used in the proof of principle experiment.…”

Using CAP Dimensionality for Service and User Allocation for Optical Access Networks

“…ODMA can be classified under the CDMA concept, with orthogonality imposed on the set of signals. The ODMA concepts have been proposed for higher dimensionality CAP in bicipital subscriber line (DSL) application [3]. CAP is a multi-dimensional multilevel signal employing orthogonal waveforms; one for each dimension.…”

“…In order to overcome this problem the encoder and decoder can be designed in the electrical domain. Orthogonal division multiple access (ODMA) exploring the multiple possible dimensions of carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation [3] has been proposed for multiple services application. Hybrid OCDMA and wavelength division multiple (WDM) network have been proposed and demonstrated in [4] to significantly improve the system flexibility and performance.…”