Multicrystal designs for efficient third-harmonic generation

Eimerl, D.; Auerbach, Jerome M.; Barker, Charles E.; Milam, D.; Milonni, Peter W.

doi:10.1364/ol.22.001208

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) are the typical hydrogen bond crystals with excellent piezoelectric and nonlinear optical properties [1][2][3][4][5], their growth rates and qualities have been improved rapidly to meet the requirements of practical applications [6][7][8][9]. However, the origin of their outstanding performances is still ambiguous and the corresponding promotion strategies are explored [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical bond simulation of KADP single-crystal growth

Xue

2008

Journal of Crystal Growth

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical bond simulation of KADP single-crystal growth

Xue

2008

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…For OMEGA, up to 1 THz (UV) is made possible by the use of dual tripler crystals, 189,190 providing an effective coherence time of 1 ps, similar to the ISI bandwidth used on Nike. However, longerwavelength nonuniformities smooth faster with ISI for the same bandwidth.…”

Section: Smoothing By Spectral Dispersion (Ssd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

et al. 2015

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The direct-drive, laser-based approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is reviewed from its inception following the demonstration of the first laser to its implementation on the present generation of high-power lasers. The review focuses on the evolution of scientific understanding gained from target-physics experiments in many areas, identifying problems that were demonstrated and the solutions implemented. The review starts with the basic understanding of laser–plasma interactions that was obtained before the declassification of laser-induced compression in the early 1970s and continues with the compression experiments using infrared lasers in the late 1970s that produced thermonuclear neutrons. The problem of suprathermal electrons and the target preheat that they caused, associated with the infrared laser wavelength, led to lasers being built after 1980 to operate at shorter wavelengths, especially 0.35 μm—the third harmonic of the Nd:glass laser—and 0.248 μm (the KrF gas laser). The main physics areas relevant to direct drive are reviewed. The primary absorption mechanism at short wavelengths is classical inverse bremsstrahlung. Nonuniformities imprinted on the target by laser irradiation have been addressed by the development of a number of beam-smoothing techniques and imprint-mitigation strategies. The effects of hydrodynamic instabilities are mitigated by a combination of imprint reduction and target designs that minimize the instability growth rates. Several coronal plasma physics processes are reviewed. The two-plasmon–decay instability, stimulated Brillouin scattering (together with cross-beam energy transfer), and (possibly) stimulated Raman scattering are identified as potential concerns, placing constraints on the laser intensities used in target designs, while other processes (self-focusing and filamentation, the parametric decay instability, and magnetic fields), once considered important, are now of lesser concern for mainline direct-drive target concepts. Filamentation is largely suppressed by beam smoothing. Thermal transport modeling, important to the interpretation of experiments and to target design, has been found to be nonlocal in nature. Advances in shock timing and equation-of-state measurements relevant to direct-drive ICF are reported. Room-temperature implosions have provided an increased understanding of the importance of stability and uniformity. The evolution of cryogenic implosion capabilities, leading to an extensive series carried out on the 60-beam OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], is reviewed together with major advances in cryogenic target formation. A polar-drive concept has been developed that will enable direct-drive–ignition experiments to be performed on the National Ignition Facility [Haynam et al., Appl. Opt. 46(16), 3276 (2007)]. The advantages offered by the alternative approaches of fast ignition and shock ignition and the issues associated with these concepts are described. The lessons learned from target-physics and implosion experiments are taken into account in ignition and high-gain target designs for laser wavelengths of 1/3 μm and 1/4 μm. Substantial advances in direct-drive inertial fusion reactor concepts are reviewed. Overall, the progress in scientific understanding over the past five decades has been enormous, to the point that inertial fusion energy using direct drive shows significant promise as a future environmentally attractive energy source.

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“…1 Increased third harmonic bandwidth capability (up to 450 GHz) might also be achieved, if necessary for target physics, by appropriate phase-mismatch (by opposite angle tuning) of the tripler crystal pair. 56,57 Frequency converter parameters and efficiencies are listed in Tables IV and V. For a given third harmonic pulse shape, the incident pulse shape and required input energy are calculated at the input of the laser amplifier and frequency converter chain. Diffraction and beam quality are accounted for in the 1053-nm laser chain and in the frequency converter.…”

Section: Xib Frequency Converter Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact, Efficient, Low-cost Lasers (CELL) Project: Final Report

Deri¹,

Bayramian²,

Erlandson³

2012

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PROJECT MOTIVATION and SCOPEDevelopment of clean, sustainable and affordable energy sources is a national and international challenge. Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) may provide a transformational solution that is scalable, proliferationresistant, and that generates negligible nuclear waste. To produce energy economically competitive with alternative power plants, the IFE laser drive must operate at a high repetition rate (>10 Hz) with high efficiency (>10%), while maintaining beam quality suitable for focusing to a small spot suitable for compressing the fusion target. The NIF laser system meets the beam quality requirements using a solidstate gain medium pumped by flashlamps. Scaling from NIF to IFE requires increases of ~10 5 in rep rate and ~20X in efficiency, which adds significant challenges to the laser design. The increased repetition rate results in much more waste heat generated in the system, and the prevention of thermal beam quality degradation (through phenomena such as thermally-induced birefringence) becomes a critical issue. While thermal issues are mitigated by increasing the system volume, a major size increase renders the system less economical and less easy to site. LIFE laser efficiency targets can be achieved at high rep rate without reliability degradation by using diode lasers as pumps. An IFE plant requires ~10 8 diode laser bars. At current costs the diodes dominate the overall laser cost and render IFE less cost-effective. Thus, designing a compact and cost-effective laser system with the repetition rate, efficiency, and beam quality required for IFE presents a significant technical challenge.The goal of the CELL strategic initiative was to develop new laser architectures to address these challenges by leveraging recent advances in optical technology. New laser design options have become potentially feasible due to improvements in laser gain media, diode pumps, large aperture nonlinear optics, and damage-resistant optics that have occurred since NIF's conception. The project investigated designs that take advantage of these advances, combining them with advanced and novel subsystem concepts to achieve laser designs with significantly improved performance, size, and cost. APPROACHA primary objective of this project was to rapidly evaluate a variety of beamline concepts and architectures, to ascertain their suitability for IFE applications. This is best done in simulation, due to the time and expense associated with prototyping such systems, even at significantly reduced scale. These evaluations were performed rapidly using a laser energetics code ("LPM") specifically developed for this project. This tool tracks all system inefficiencies from wallplug power to the final optic, includes the power consumed by cooling systems, and captures the behavior of different laser materials. In particular, it is suitable for simulating both four-level (e.g.; Nd-based) and three-level (e.g.; Yb-based) gain media. In order to achieve fast run-times, LPM abstracts away details of optical diffraction and ...

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Multicrystal designs for efficient third-harmonic generation

Cited by 59 publications

References 6 publications

Chemical bond simulation of KADP single-crystal growth

Chemical bond simulation of KADP single-crystal growth

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

Compact, Efficient, Low-cost Lasers (CELL) Project: Final Report

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