Multicomponent Exercise on Physical Function, Cognition and Hemodynamic Parameters of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Abstract

This paper reports on a quasi-experimental study that aimed to identify changes in muscle function (i.e., mobility, maximal walking speed, lower limb muscle strength, balance, and transfer capacity), cognition (i.e., executive function) and hemodynamic parameters of community-dwelling Brazilian older adults during a six-month multicomponent exercise program (MCEP). A total of 436 community-dwelling older adults performed functional, cognitive and hemodynamic assessments before and after a six-month MCEP. The program of exercise was performed twice a week over 26 weeks at moderate intensity. Results indicate that balance, mobility (i.e., usual and maximal walking speeds) and transfer capacity (p < 0.05) were significantly improved after the MCEP. Moreover, all hemodynamic parameters (i.e., systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures), except for heart rate (p > 0.05), were significantly reduced after the intervention. The current findings indicate that a six-month MCEP may provide physical and hemodynamic benefits in community-dwelling older adults. Nevertheless, our findings need to be confirmed in larger samples and better designed studies.

Effect of an Integrated Healthcare Program for Korean Rural Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study

“…The results also demonstrated a meaningfully higher static and dynamic balance of the experimental group than the control group. Similar results were found by Wongcharoen et al [ 35 ], where balance rapidly increased after a 12-week seniorobics program, and by Oliveira Goncalves et al [ 36 ], where 16-week exercise programs customized for fall prevention were shown to be effective. Static balance is the basic ability to maintain a stable center of the body and is a requirement for a safe everyday life [ 36 ].…”

“…Moreover, loneliness (t = −3.02, p = 0.003) and role self-efficacy (t = 2.39, p = 0.020) improved statistically significantly compared to the control group. The results of this study supported the previous studies [2,14,18,35,36,38,39]. However, ego integration score improved after the program, but there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups.…”

“…Similar results were found by Wongcharoen et al [35], where balance rapidly increased after a 12-week seniorobics program, and by Oliveira Goncalves et al [36], where 16-week exercise programs customized for fall prevention were shown to be effective. Static balance is the basic ability to maintain a stable center of the body and is a requirement for a safe everyday life [36]. Balance substantially contributes to securing the safety of the older adults in their everyday lives, and needs to be trained through exercise to prevent injury from falls, etc.…”

Effect of multicomponent exercise in cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Although the relationship between this type of exercise and cognitive functions is unclear, the effectiveness of physical exercise in reducing frailty and improving cognition, emotions, and social networks has been reported among frail older adults [ 16 ], using multicomponent exercise and including aerobic exercise. This fact makes difficult to isolate the effect of the multicomponent exercise intervention approach, whose evidence on cognition remains inconclusive [ 36 ], as well as the most suitable combination of components, duration and dose [ 37 ]. Nevertheless and considering that physical activity is part of the intervention of the vast majority of conditions that affect older people, the inclusion of an individualized physical exercise in the management of the older patients should be part of the daily clinical practice [ 38 ].…”

Adherence characteristics and reasons for abandonment of physical exercise-based interventions in older adults in Latin America: A scoping review (Características de la adherencia y motivos del abandono de las intervenciones basadas en el ejercicio físic

“…In Latin American countries, public health and PE institutions guide the community regarding PE realization to improve endurance, strength, balance, flexibility and quality of life in OA (ACEMI, 2011; Dirección de Promoción de la Salud y Control de Enfermedades No Transmisibles, 2013; Gobierno de Chile, 2017; Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, 2011; Secretaria Nacional de Deporte, 2018), proposing as alternative activities the ones in the aquatic environment (Secretaria Nacional de Deporte, 2018). Several studies have also been conducting programs using multi-component PE, where aerobic capacity, flexibility, balance, strength, and cognitive performances were increased, decreasing on the other hand symptoms of depression or anxiety (Bueno et al, 2018;Carvalho et al, 2009;Gonçalves et al, 2019;Nacional Costa Rica et al, 2018;Rico-Gallegos et al, 2020;Salinas et al, 2005).…”