Multicommutated flow analysis system for determination of total protein in cerebrospinal fluid

Strzelak, Kamil; Wiśniewska, Agnieszka; Bobilewicz, D; Koncki, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.047

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Subsequently, and in line with the above, publications in the bio-sensing field began to emerge. Examples include sweat [15][16][17], hemoglobin [18], human serum [19][20][21], proteins [22,23], glucose [24], dissolved organic substances [25], creatinine in physiological fluids [20], urine [26][27][28], liver function screening [29] and saliva [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LED PEDD Discharge Photometry: Effects of Software Driven Measurements for Sensing Applications

Fay

Nattestad

2022

Sensors

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This work explores the effects of embedded software-driven measurements on a sensory target when using a LED as a photodetector. Water turbidity is used as the sensory target in this study to explore these effects using a practical and important water quality parameter. Impacts on turbidity measurements are examined by adopting the Paired Emitter Detector Diode (PEDD) capacitive discharge technique and comparing common embedded software/firmware implementations. The findings show that the chosen software method can (a) affect the detection performance by up to 67%, (b) result in a variable sampling frequency/period, and (c) lead to an disagreement of the photo capacitance by up to 23%. Optimized code is offered to correct for these issues and its effectiveness is shown through comparative analyses, with the disagreement reduced significantly from 23% to 0.18%. Overall, this work demonstrates that the embedded software is a key and critical factor for PEDD capacitive discharge measurements and must be considered carefully for future measurements in sensor related studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LED PEDD Discharge Photometry: Effects of Software Driven Measurements for Sensing Applications

Fay

Nattestad

2022

Sensors

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“…Koncki et al reported the use of LEDs for both absorption and fluorescence measurement. 25,26 The PEDD has been employed in the analysis of physiological samples, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] drink and food samples [41][42][43][44] and environmental samples. 45 There are also reports of dual analysis employing PEDDs, for example, multicommutated flow (MCFA) system for the determination of activity of acid phosphate and alkaline phosphatase, 46 sequential injection (SI) system for quantitative measurement of sucrose and phosphate, 47 MCFA system for determination of phosphate and calcium, 48 MCFA system for total protein and creatinine analysis 49 and MCFA system for investigation of iron-transferrin and apotransferrin speciation in human serum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Colorimetric Measurements of Antioxidant Capacity by Flow Injection Analysis with Paired Emitter Detector Diode

et al. 2019

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An effective flow injection analysis (FIA) system employing paired emitter detector diode (PEDD) for simultaneous dual antioxidant assays is proposed. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using the 2,2′-azino-bis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay in parallel with the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Ascorbic acid was used as the reference antioxidant and the TAC value reported as ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE). A 10port valve furnished with two injection loops allowed the sample from one loop to react with the ABTS reagent and be detected by one PEDD. At the same time, the sample from the second loop reacted with the FRAP reagent and is detected at the second PEDD. A pair of red light emitting diodes (634 nm) was employed for both PEDDs. The linearity range was 10 to 50 μM ascorbic acid, with limit of detection of 3.18 and 4.37 μM, and precision of 2.41 and 2.15% RSD (for 30 μM ascorbic acid, n = 10) for the ABTS and FRAP assay, respectively. Sample throughput of 90 samples/h was achieved. The method was applied to the measurement of TAC of commercial fruit juice, instant tea products and vitamin C tablets. The observed AAE values were in good agreement with those obtained using batch methods with a spectrophotometer.

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“…Until now, two and three LED-based fluorimetric detectors have been successfully developed for determination of calcium [ 25 , 26 ] and phosphate [ 14 , 15 ] ions, quinine [ 17 ], vitamin B [ 27 ], and proteins [ 20 ]. Only recently, turbidimetric [ 28 – 31 ] and nephelometric [ 30 , 31 ] detectors operating according to PEDD principle have been reported. Such detectors have been applied for measurements of sample turbidity [ 28 ] as well as for detection of phosphates in drinks [ 29 ] and total protein level in physiological fluids (urine [ 30 ] and cerebrospinal fluid [ 31 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only recently, turbidimetric [ 28 – 31 ] and nephelometric [ 30 , 31 ] detectors operating according to PEDD principle have been reported. Such detectors have been applied for measurements of sample turbidity [ 28 ] as well as for detection of phosphates in drinks [ 29 ] and total protein level in physiological fluids (urine [ 30 ] and cerebrospinal fluid [ 31 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards optoelectronic urea biosensors

2015

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Integration of immobilized enzymes with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) leads to the development of optoelectronic enzyme-based biosensors. In this work, urease, used as a model enzyme, immobilized in the form of an open-tubular microbioreactor or biosensing membrane that has been integrated with two red LEDs. It forms complete, fiberless, miniaturized, and extremely economic biooptoelectronic devices useful for nonstationary measurements under flow analysis conditions. Both enzyme-based biodevices, operating according to the paired emitter detector diode (PEDD) principle, allow relatively fast, highly sensitive, and well-reproducible urea detection in the millimolar range of concentrations. Potential analytical applications of the developed urea bioPEDDs have been announced. Both presented constructions will be easily adapted for the development of other optoelectronic biosensors exploring various enzyme-based schemes of biodetection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00216-014-8434-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Multicommutated flow analysis system for determination of total protein in cerebrospinal fluid

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

LED PEDD Discharge Photometry: Effects of Software Driven Measurements for Sensing Applications

LED PEDD Discharge Photometry: Effects of Software Driven Measurements for Sensing Applications

Simultaneous Colorimetric Measurements of Antioxidant Capacity by Flow Injection Analysis with Paired Emitter Detector Diode

Towards optoelectronic urea biosensors

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