Multicolor Colormetric Biosensor for the Determination of Glucose based on the Etching of Gold Nanorods

Abstract

In this work, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(II) (TMB2+), derived from H2O2-horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (H2O2-HRP-TMB) reaction system, was used to etch AuNRs to generate different colors of solution. Many enzyme reactions are involved in the production of H2O2 (e.g., glucose can react with the dissolved oxygen in the presence of glucose oxidase (GOx) to produce H2O2). Given this information, a simple visual biosensor was developed in this study, with glucose as the example target. The detection range of the proposed system varied with the experimental conditions, such as the concentration of GOx and HRP, and enzymatic reaction time. Under the optimized conditions, the longitudinal shift of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) had a linear correlation with the glucose concentration in the range of 0.1~1.0 mM. Meanwhile, the solution displayed a specific color in response to the glucose concentration, thus enabling the visual quantitative detection of glucose at a glance. Compared with the traditional monochromic colorimetry, this multicolor glucose sensor generates various vivid colors, which can be easily distinguished by naked eyes without any sophisticated instrument. Notably, the proposed method has been successfully applied to detect glucose in serum samples with satisfied results.

Clinical Applications of Visual Plasmonic Colorimetric Sensing

“…The determination of glucose based on the etching of gold nanoparticles has been performed using different color readouts, signal generation mechanism and sensing principles. For instance, Lin et al exploited a HRP-H 2 O 2 -3,3 ,5,5 -tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) system coupled with an enzymatic reaction to produce H 2 O 2 in order to etch gold nanorods (AuNRs) [69]. In particular, the product of H 2 O 2 -HRP-TMB-HCl catalyzed oxidation system, 3,3 ,5,5 -tetramethylbenzidine(II) (TMB 2+ ) was used to detect glucose by measuring vivid color changes.…”

Light-Driven Catalytic Regulation of Enzymes at the Interface with Plasmonic Nanomaterials

“…5,6 Not only the immobilization of enzymes on plasmonic nanomaterials may enhance their functional properties, 7,8 but optimization of the interactions between enzymes and plasmonic nanoparticles additionally offers opportunities to develop nanoengineered materials for light-controlled biocatalysis. 9,10 For example, combination of the remarkable biological functions of enzymes and the unique optical properties of plasmonic nanomaterials can contribute to applications including cancer therapy, [11][12][13] biosensing, [14][15][16] applied biocatalysis and biotransformations, 17,18 and intra-or extra-cellular nanosurgery. [19][20][21] The suitability of plasmonic nanomaterials to tune enzyme activity arises from their tunable localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR), in the UV-Vis and nearinfrared wavelength ranges.…”

Multicolorimetric ELISA biosensors on a paper/polymer hybrid analytical device for visual point-of-care detection of infection diseases

“…However, a microplate reader was required to achieve the quantitative analysis based on the wavelength shift. In recent studies, Lin et al [ 21 ] presented a multicolor glucose sensor on a microplate, which allowed people to detect their glucose levels in serum based on different colors corresponding to different concentrations of glucose in sample solutions at the end of the assay. But an ultraviolet–visible spectrometer (UV-Vis) was still needed, which compromised its capability for point-of-care analysis.…”

“…The multicolorimetric ELISA method can be a promising solution that can eliminate the use of these expensive and bulky instruments and allow it to be portable and cost-effective. Particularly, multicolorimetric sensing based on noble metal nanomaterial such as AuNRs [19] has attracted great interest owing to its advantages of visual color readout, simplicity, and robust enzymatic properties of nanomaterials, and those methods have been applied to detect various biomolecules and pathogens, such as pesticides, glucose, and Listeria monocytogenes [20][21][22][23]. For instance, a multicolorimetric sensor was developed for the detection of a toxic organophosphorus pesticide, omethoate, in a centrifuge tube based on the inhibition of the enzyme-induced metallization of AuNRs [20].…”