Multicenter pilot study administering 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, interferon alpha–2b and degradable starch microspheres via hepatic arterial infusion in patients with nonresectable colorectal liver metastases

Influence of chemotherapeutic agents and cytokines on the expression of 5-fluorouracil-associated enzymes in human colon cancer cell lines

“…[1][2][3] As another strategy, other clinical trials have examined administration of recombinant cytokines such as interferons (IFNs) or interleukin 2 (IL-2) in combination with 5-FU in advanced colorectal cancer. [4][5][6][7][8] Several studies have demonstrated that catabolizing and anabolizing enzymes for 5-FU influence the sensitivity of cancer cells against this agent. 9 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial, rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolic pathway of 5-FU.…”

Phase I Trial of Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Nanoparticle Albumin–Bound Paclitaxel: Toxicity, Pharmacokinetics, and Activity

“…(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), interleukin-2 (22, 23), 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (24), and IFN (25)(26)(27)(28). Although many studies have shown higher response rates for HAI treatment than for i.v.…”

Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) with PEGylated liposomes containing 5-FU improves tumor control of liver metastases in a rat model

“…Experimental results and clinical applications demonstrate HAI as a promising therapeutic approach [8,9]. A promising approach for all of these advanced liver metastases is regional chemotherapy with intraarterial application of the cytostatic into the target region.…”

“…As a regional therapy, hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) has a high level of cytostatic activity in the liver metastases without manifest systemic toxicity [5][6][7]. Experimental results and clinical applications have demonstrated HAI as a promising therapeutic approach [8,9]. For all these types of advanced liver metastases, regional chemotherapy with intraarterial application of the cytostatic into the target region is a promising therapeutic approach.…”