Multicasting in cognitive radio networks: Algorithms, techniques and protocols

Abstract

Multicasting is a fundamental networking primitive utilized by numerous applications. This also holds true for cognitive radio networks (CRNs) which have been proposed as a solution to the problems that emanate from the static non-adaptive features of classical wireless networks. A prime application of CRNs is dynamic spectrum access (DSA), which improves the efficiency of spectrum allocation by allowing a secondary network, comprising of secondary users (SUs), to share spectrum licensed to a primary licensed networks comprising of primary users (PUs). Multicasting in CRNs is a challenging problem due to the dynamic nature of spectrum opportunities available to the SUs. Various approaches, including those based in optimization theory, network coding, algorithms, have been proposed for performing efficient multicast in CRNs. In this paper, we provide a self-contained tutorial on algorithms and techniques useful for solving the multicast problem, and then provide a comprehensive survey of protocols that have been proposed for multicasting in CRNs. We conclude this paper by identifying open research questions and future research directions.

Cognitive radio-based clustering for opportunistic shared spectrum access to enhance lifetime of wireless sensor network

“…Efficient energy utilization of SN is the primary issue for WSN, so number of mechanisms are available in the literature [16,17] to study this issue. Most of the networks have considered that BS is the place where energy is not the constraint.…”

Learning automata based multipath multicasting in cognitive radio networks

“…Relatively few studies in the literature have addressed the multicast routing problem in CRNs, with the various works proposed in literature summarized in a recent survey [15]. One of the most robust algorithm for on-demand multicast routing in wireless networks is ODMRP [16].…”

“…We have chosen COCAST as the baseline for comparing our work since it is a PU-aware high-performance multicasting routing protocol proposed specifically for CRNs. Although, CO-CAST assumes single-radio interfaces, we have used COCAST in this work since no other multicasting work, to the best of our knowledge, has addressed multi-radio multicasting in CRNs [15]. To conduct a fair comparison, we present two variants of our routing framework: MP-ODMR and MP-ODMR-SR.…”

On Green Multicasting Over Cognitive Radio Fading Channels

“…Multicasting in CRNs [6] is expected to further improve the spectral efficiency of such networks by enabling usage of a single primary user (PU) channel for supporting simultaneous downlink transmissions of a common message, by a cognitive base station (CBS), to a multitude of SUs. Further, it may also be feasible to support multimedia services, with relaxed quality of service (QoS) constraints, to SU multicast groups if the Sangeeta Bhattacharjee, Tamaghna Acharya are with the Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Uma Bhattacharya is with the Department of Computer Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India, 711103 (e-mail: sangeeta.bhatta@gmail.com; t_acharya@telecom.iiests.ac.in; ub@cs.iiests.ac.in).…”