Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis by Arc Discharge Method in a Glass Chamber

Abstract

Abstract. In the present paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized by arc discharge method by vaporizing graphite rods in the presence of Ni and a Ni/Y mixture as catalysts for subsequent use in electrical energy storage and conversion devices. CNTs synthesis was carried out in a cylindrical glass reactor applying a controlled Argon flow of 1.43 cm3/min and a chamber pressure of 39 kPa. Carbon powder was collected from the reactor following chemical treatment with HCl solution at 1 M to remove the metallic impurities. Morphology obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs) with amorphous carbon particles attached to their surface. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra presented bands at 1550 and 1200 cm–1 corresponding to the C=C bond characteristic to the CNTs skeleton; these bands were not present in pristine graphite. Electromagnetic absorbance was observed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showing peaks at 204 and 256 nm related to sp2 hybridization characteristic for MWCNTs.
 
 Resumen. En el presente trabajo se sintetizaron nanotubos de carbono (NTCs) por el método de descarga de arco mediante la vaporización de barras de grafito en presencia de Ni y una mezcla de Ni/Y como catalizadores para su posterior uso en dispositivos de almacenamiento y conversión de energía eléctrica. La síntesis de NTCs se realizó en un reactor cilíndrico de vidrio aplicando un flujo controlado de Argón de 1.43 cm3/min y una presión de cámara de 39 kPa. El polvo de carbón se recolectó del reactor y se trató químicamente con una solución de HCl a 1 M para eliminar las impurezas metálicas. La morfología obtenida por microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) y microscopía electrónica de transmisión (MET) mostró nanotubos de paredes múltiples (NTCPMs) con partículas de carbón amorfo adheridas a su superficie. Los espectros de infrarrojo transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) mostraron bandas en 1550 y 1200 cm–1 que corresponden al enlace C=C característico de los NTCs; estas bandas no estuvieron presentes en el grafito prístino. La absorbancia electromagnética se observó mediante espectroscopia ultravioleta-visible (UV-Vis) mostrando picos a 204 y 256 nm relacionadas con la hibridación sp2 característica de los NTCPMs.

Oxygenated Hydrocarbons from Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide

“…Regarding the electrical energy storage and conversion devices application, Tepale-Cortés et al in 2021 used the arc-discharge method to synthesize the required CNT structure by vaporizing the graphite rods while using Ni and a Ni/Y combination as catalysts. [108]. In a cylindrical glass reactor with a regulated Argon flow rate of 1.43 cm 3 min −1 and a chamber pressure of 39 kPa, CNTs were produced.…”

Ultrafast growth of carbon nanotubes using microwave irradiation: characterization and its potential applications

“… Synthesis Methods Catalyst and substrate Carbon source Temp. (ºC) Time Flow rate of gases (ml/min) Product Quality References CVD Co/Al substrate CH 4 2100 15 min VACNT (d:9 um) [ 60 ] Ni/Co–TiB 2 C 2 H 2 900 C 2 H 2 ∼100 ml/min CNT-Co@TiB 2 [ 61 ] NiO/HZSM-5 zeolite PP 500–800 35 min Plastic feed rate 80 g/h, Hydrogen gas concentration 72.21 vol.% MWCNTs (15–25 nm) [ 62 ] Co–TiO 2 Hexane 700–800 10–30 min Hexane ∼150 ml/min MWCNTs (d: 15–30 nm) [ 63 ] Cu/CaCO 3 Pyrolysis gas 800 3 h Pyrolysis gas MWCNT [ 64 ] Arc- discharge Ni/Y Graphite rod 30V & 95A Ar ∼1.43 cm 3 /min; 39kPa MWCNT (d:24 nm and L: 690–1680 nm) [ 65 ] Fe Graphite rod 12kPa; 90A Fe2O3/CNT (d:10 nm) [ 66 ] Mixture of Carbon, paraffin & ZnO powder Graphite rod 20 s 500 Torr, 80A ZnO-CNT (3–10 nm) [ 67 ] Si/Ni Ethanol 30 s 4.5A Ni-filled/CNT (d:10 nm & L: 20–150 nm) ...…”

Ultrasonics-Aided Dispersion of 1D Nanocarbons in Lubricating Oils For Enhanced Lubrication

“…Preparing MWCNTs is a complex process. Chemical vapor deposition, ,, arc discharge, − and laser ablation − are widely used preparation methods of MWCNTs. These methods facilitate the controlled growth of application-specific MWCNTs, but each has its advantages and limitations.…”