Multi‑walled carbon nanotube‑based systems for improving the controlled release of insoluble drug dipyridamole

Abstract

Applicability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in loading dipyridamole (DDM), a poorly soluble drug, was evaluated. Additionally, the effect of drug-loading efficiency on the release behavior of the MWCNT-DDM system was also investigated. DDM as a model drug was incorporated into MWCNTs with different drug-loading rates (10, 25 and 50%) using the solvent deposition method. The MWCNT-DDM system was successfully established and characterized using common solid-state characterization methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption analysis and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were carried out to observe the progress of drug loading. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to systematically assess the crystalline state of the DDM after being loaded into the MWCNTs. Improvements in dissolution rate were evaluated by the dissolution test. The results revealed that with the increase of drug loading, the form of DDM in the MWCNTs changed from amorphous to crystalline state. Also, the release rate of DDM decreased upon increasing the drug-loading rate of carriers. In conclusion, MWCNTs are proven to be promising carriers for loading DDM.

Preparation, characterisation and biological evaluation of biopolymer-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for sustained-delivery of silibinin

“…All tests were conducted in PBS (pH 6.8–7.4) as the dissolution media for the drug release study. Samples Drug loaded Maximum drug released (%) Overall time released (min) Ref MWCNT-COOH/gelatin-CHI MWCNT-PEG/gelatin-CHI Ciprofloxacin lactate (10 μg) 97.5 98.1 90 48 MWCNT Dipyridamole (50 wt%) 40.0 60 51 MWCNT-COOH Griseofulvin Sulfamethoxazole (N/A) 80.0 80.0 120 52.5 52 MWCNT-PEG Methotrexate (56.5 wt%) 44.2 1680 53 MWCNT-COOH 6 mercaptopurine (65 wt%) 96.1 1200 54 MWCNT-glucose/starch Zolpidem (75 wt%) 64.0 4320 55 …”

Advances in Drug Delivery Nanosystems Using Graphene-Based Materials and Carbon Nanotubes

“…Dipyridamole-loaded MWCNTs showed an increased drug dissolution rate, which decreased with increases in the drug-loading rate of carriers. Moreover, with increasing drug loading, the dipyridamole in the MWCNTs changed its form from an amorphous to a crystalline state [ 105 ]. Bisphosphonate (alendronic, neridronic and pamidronic acids, see Figure 9 )-conjugated MWCNTs showed pH-dependent drug release, which was faster at lower pH values.…”

“…Considerable efforts have been made in the last decade to explore the biomedical use of graphene-based nanomaterials and carbon nanotubes, especially in the intelligent administration of anticancer drugs [ 26 , 104 , 105 ]. Unfortunately, regulatory authorities have not approved a single product for launching to the market where these carbon-based nanomaterials are used.…”

“…One of the main reasons for this, compared to successfully approved nanoDDS-based drugs, is the fact that, in general, carbon-based nanomaterials are considered to be one of the most dangerous nanomaterials with a high potential to penetrate cell walls due to their physicochemical properties, size and shape (e.g., risks of inflammatory reactions, pulmonary fibrosis and DNA damage) [ 74 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 ]. On the other hand, the functionalization of these nanomaterials leads to the suppression of toxic effects, which enables the successful integration of these nanomaterials into the biomedical field [ 26 , 104 , 105 , 114 , 115 ]. The aim of this paper is therefore to summarize the latest designed graphene-based (i.e., based on graphene, graphene quantum dots, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide) and carbon nanotube drug delivery systems mainly for anticancer therapy.…”

Kinetics and thermodynamics adsorption of Oxazepam drug on the multi‐walled carbon nanotube

“…[ 10–12 ] For example, this carrier was used in order to improve the controlled release of insoluble drug dipyridamole. [ 13 ] Therefore, in the current study, we will use the MWCNT as an adsorbent for drug molecule.…”