Multi-scale investigation of thickness changes in a commercial pouch type lithium-ion battery

Rieger, Bernhard; Schlueter, Steffen; Erhard, Simon V.; Schmalz, Johannes; Reinhart, Gunther; Jossen, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.est.2016.01.006

Cited by 144 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…28,53,54 Graphite anodes exhibit a largely linear expansion from 0% to 25% lithiation, only minor volume changes between 25% and 50% lithiation, and another linear expansion above 50% lithiation, where the LiC 6 phase formation begins. 52 Comparing this thickness behavior of lithiated graphite with the observed trends in capacity fade, an interdependency between graphite expansion and calendar aging can be disregarded: In the high SoC region above the central graphite peak, corresponding to a lithiation of the graphite anode greater than 50%, a constant capacity fade is observed. The thickness of the graphite anode, however, is continuously expanding above the central graphite peak.…”

Section: 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impact of thickness changes.-Graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries exhibit an expansion and contraction during lithiation and delithiation of 5%-10%. 51,52 Several researchers have suggested that SEI cracks and SEI reformation due to volume changes of the graphite anode during cycling operations are the major cause of lithium consumption. 28,53,54 Graphite anodes exhibit a largely linear expansion from 0% to 25% lithiation, only minor volume changes between 25% and 50% lithiation, and another linear expansion above 50% lithiation, where the LiC 6 phase formation begins.…”

Section: 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calendar Aging of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Keil

Schuster

Wilhelm

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

433

288

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In this study, the calendar aging of lithium-ion batteries is investigated at different temperatures for 16 states of charge (SoCs) from 0 to 100%. Three types of 18650 lithium-ion cells, containing different cathode materials, have been examined. Our study demonstrates that calendar aging does not increase steadily with the SoC. Instead, plateau regions, covering SoC intervals of more than 20%-30% of the cell capacity, are observed wherein the capacity fade is similar. Differential voltage analyses confirm that the capacity fade is mainly caused by a shift in the electrode balancing. Furthermore, our study reveals the high impact of the graphite electrode on calendar aging. Lower anode potentials, which aggravate electrolyte reduction and thus promote solid electrolyte interphase growth, have been identified as the main driver of capacity fade during storage. In the high SoC regime where the graphite anode is lithiated more than 50%, the low anode potential accelerates the loss of cyclable lithium, which in turn distorts the electrode balancing. Aging mechanisms induced by high cell potential, such as electrolyte oxidation or transition-metal dissolution, seem to play only a minor role. To maximize battery life, high storage SoCs corresponding to low anode potential should be avoided.

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Section: 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calendar Aging of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Keil

Schuster

Wilhelm

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

433

288

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A 3D scanning system scans the surface of a cell and enables local measurements. 7 When cells are manufactured to a pack, compression bars constrain the cells within a defined pressure. 8 Unconstrained lithium-ion cells with lithium cobalt oxide as cathode materials have been investigated in Ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO₄/C₆Cells

Singer

Kropp

Kuehnemund

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Constraining lithium-ion cells increases the cyclic lifetime. However, depending on an expected volume expansion during charge and discharge cycling, defining the optimal constraining pressure range is not straightforward. In this study, we investigate a lithium iron phosphate/graphite pouch cell at four initial constraining pressure levels. As a function of C-Rate, the thermodynamic principle of the non-monotonic pressure curve during full charge and discharge cycles is evaluated. Using the rubber balloon model to calculate the chemical potential of lithium iron phosphate and discussing the relationship between the chemical potential and pressure, we illustrate the pressure curve qualitatively. By applying differential pressure analysis, we evaluate the resulting pressure curves of a single graphite stage. Approaching a fundamental understanding of reduced cycling lifetime of full cells with unknown material composition, we allocate the stages and stage transitions of graphite as well as the phase transition of lithium iron phosphate. Local extreme values in the differential pressure analysis indicate phase and stage transitions. These values can identify critical operating conditions that should be considered for defining the optimum initial constraining pressure range.

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“…이 중 파우치-타입 리튬이차전지는 공간을 가장 효율적으 로 사용할 수 있으며 금속 캔을 사용하지 않기 때문에 중량 당 에너지 밀도를 향상시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 열 방출이 용이하여 대면적의 리튬이온폴리머전지 제조에 적합하다고 알려져 있어 그 활용 범위가 계속적으로 늘어나고 있다. 4,5 파우치-타입 리튬이차전지는 Figure 1에…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Analysis of Moisture Penetration Mechanism into the Al-Pouch Type Lithium Ion Batteries

Jeong¹,

Kim²

2018

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초록: 본 논문에서는 파우치-타입 리튬이차전지의 수분 침투 경로를 파악하기 위해 금속 lead-tap이 부착되어 있는 파우치 타입 리튬이차전지 dummy 셀(셀 외부는 실제 파우치 타입 리튬이차전지와 동일하게 생겼으나 셀 내부에는 전해액만 존재하고 전극 및 분리막은 없는 셀을 말함)과 금속 lead-tap을 부착하지 않은 dummy 셀을 제작하여 고온/ 고습 환경에 보관하면서 시간의 경과에 따른 수분 함량 변화를 측정하여 금속 lead-tap 존재 여부가 파우치 타입 리튬 이차전지의 수분 침투성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실험 결과 파우치-타입 리튬이차전지의 수분 침투 경로는 2가 지로, 하나는 금속 lead-tap과 lead 필름 계면에 형성된 미세 기공 또는 결함이며 다른 하나는 CPP(cast polypropylene) 접착층임을 확인하였다.Abstract: The moisture penetration mechanism into the pouch type lithium ion battery (LiB) is systematically investigated. In order to clarify the path for moisture penetration into pouch type LiB, we prepared dummy cells assembled with lead-tap and dummy cells assembled without lead-tap, in which there are only electrolyte. The change of amount of moisture inside the samples was tracked during 8 weeks by storing them under high humidity condition (RH 90%). As a result, a large amount of moisture is detected in the dummy cells assembled with lead-tap. To understand such phenomena, the microstructure of interface between lead-tab and lead film was observed by SEM. We found that a large amount of microvoids was existing on the interface between lead-tap and lead film. This result implies that such microvoid might act as the path of moisture penetration for the pouch type LiB.

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Multi-scale investigation of thickness changes in a commercial pouch type lithium-ion battery

Cited by 144 publications

References 46 publications

Calendar Aging of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Calendar Aging of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO₄/C₆Cells

Analysis of Moisture Penetration Mechanism into the Al-Pouch Type Lithium Ion Batteries

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Multi-scale investigation of thickness changes in a commercial pouch type lithium-ion battery

Cited by 144 publications

References 46 publications

Calendar Aging of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Calendar Aging of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO4/C6Cells

Analysis of Moisture Penetration Mechanism into the Al-Pouch Type Lithium Ion Batteries

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Product

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Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO₄/C₆Cells